Canadian Forestry Journal, November, ipij. 



267 



400,320 acres (174,062 square miles). 

 Ontario is Canada's premier white 

 pine province and the stand of this 

 species has been estimated at about 

 40 billion feet. The productive for- 

 est area in Ontario probably con- 

 sists of from 70 to 90 million acres. 



South of the southern Laurentian 

 type we find the northern fringe of 

 the great central hardwood type of 

 the United States. This type of for- 

 est covers the middle west and eas- 

 tern states of the Union and extends 

 across the boundary to Southern 

 Quebec and Ontario. 



Ontario in 1913 cut 1,101,066,000 

 board feet of lumber, of which white 

 pine formed about half of the total. 

 the cut was made up as follows : 

 AVhite pine, 46.9%; hemlock, 13%; 

 red pine, 12.0% ; spruce, 9.5%; maple 

 (the most important hardwood), 

 5.6%, and twenty-two other kinds of 

 wood, making a total of twenty- 

 seven kinds. 



Quebec, with its recently added 

 territory, now contains a land area 

 of 442,153,600 acres (690,865 square 

 miles). Of this, about 367 million 

 acres belong to the Northern Forest 

 type of pure conifers, 50 million to 

 conifers with mixed hardwoods and 

 about 5 million acres to the hard- 

 wood type. The eastern counties of 

 Quebec, south of the St. Lawrence, 

 belong to another type which is 

 characteristic of the Maritime prov- 

 inces, and is similar to the southern 

 Laurentian. This type in Quebec 

 covers about twenty million acres. 



The Quebec government has re- 

 served 111,400,320 acres (114,063 

 square miles) of forest land. The 

 greater part of this lies in the nor- 

 thern portion of the province, either 

 in southern Laurentian or Northern 

 Forest type and most of it is not 

 heavily timbered. 



The Cut in Quebec. 



Quebec in 1913 cut 630,346,000 

 feet of lumber. Spruce here forms 

 65.4% of the total, white pine only 

 11.4% and hemlock 6.1%; birch 

 comes forth on the list with 5.4%, 



and is the most important hardwood. 

 Generally speaking, the rest of the 

 lumber output is similar in composi- 

 tion to that of Ontario. 



The provinces of New Brunswick 

 and Nova Scotia and the eastern 

 counties of Quebec, or in short that 

 part of Canada lying south of the St. 

 Lawrence River, is covered by a for- 

 est type often called the Acadian. 

 This consists chiefly of birch, maple 

 and beech, with smaller quantities 

 of basswood, ash, elm, oak and but- 

 ternut. Red spruce is the most im- 

 portant conifer as compared to white 

 pine in the southern Laurentian, and 

 white spruce in the northern forest 

 type. White and red pine are found 

 in the Acadian type often in great 

 abundance, but pure stands are 

 scarce and most of the best material 

 has been removed. The forest area 

 make up a total of 14 million acres, 

 and is supposed to contain in round 

 figures 100 billion feet of lumber. 

 There are no forest reserves in the 

 Maritime Provinces. 



New Brunswick has a land area of 

 17,863,040 acres (27,911 square 

 miles). The forest area has been 

 estimated at 12 million acres, but 

 this, of course, includes more than 

 commercial saw timber land. The 

 standing timber has been estimated 

 at 22 billion feet of the following 

 composition: Spruce, 60%; pine, 

 10%, hemlock, 5%; cedar, 5%, and 

 hardwoods, 20%. With the spruce 

 in this estimate would be included 

 balsam fir which is often sold mixed 

 with spruce. New Brunswick in 

 1913 cut 399,247,000 feet of lumber 

 of the following kinds : Spruce, 

 79.3% ; white pine, 7.8% ; hemlock, 

 5.5% ; balsam fir, 4.3%, and birch 

 (the most important hardwood), 

 1.4%. 



Nova Scotia's Timber. 



Nova Scotia's land area is 13,483,- 

 520 acres (21,068 square miles). The 

 forest area has been estimated at 

 5,744,000 acres, and the coniferous 

 saw timber at ten billion feet board 

 measure. The hardwoods might 

 provide five billion feet. The stand- 



