:564 



Canadian Forestry Journal, January, ipi6. 



Where it is impossible to take pack 

 horses the outfit can also be carried 

 by two men. In territory where 

 there are numerous canoe routes, as 

 for instance in the Algonquin Na- 

 tional Park of Ontario, little difficul- 

 ty should be experienced in trans- 

 porting one or more such outfits in 

 . canoes. 



Other Uses of Engine. 

 There are many ways in which the 

 use of a portable outfit of this type 



- can be used in the forests besides 

 the actual fighting of fire. Such 

 uses are back-firing and controlling 

 slash-burning operations. The ques- 

 tion of water supply can be taken 



. care of, where natural supply is lack- 

 ing, by the artificial storing of water 



. at suitable points. This can be done 



, by construction of dams across small 

 creeks to impound the necessary 

 supply of water or by the sinking of 



shallow wells, or other artificial me- 

 thods of storing water. Usually in 

 forested territory water is found in 

 valleys, where the majority of fires 

 start. 



The writer does not advocate the 

 adoption of mechanical apparatus in 

 a haphazard manner. Such appara- 

 tus will only be used successfully in 

 conjunction with other up-to-date 

 fire-protective measures. One most 

 essential feature is the preparation 

 of forest-plans of the territory in 

 which it is proposed to use such ap- 

 paratus. Such plans, in addition to 

 showing the usual physical and for- 

 estry features, should show in detail 

 all points where water can be ob- 

 tained. Contours should also be 

 shown at least every hundred feet, or 

 better still, every fifty feet. And at 

 the back of it all must be a thor- 

 oughly organized force of men suit- 

 ably located. 



The Handicap on Forestry 



Dr. Judson F. Clark Explains the Necessity for New Economies 

 in Logging" Operations — Increased Stumpage Values. 



The greatest hindrance to the pro- 

 gress of forestry in this country is 

 the low level of stumpage values. 

 In Europe, where labour is much 

 cheaper and stumpage values sev- 



■ eral-fold higher than with us, forest 

 properties may be maintained on a 

 perpetual yield basis and pay a fair 

 return on the investment. What 



. obtains in Europe to-day will obtain 

 in America to-morrow. The practi- 



. cal question is, "How may we has- 

 ten it?" In a large measure the 



. answer to this question will be found 

 in the development of the art of the 

 logging engineer. 



Stumpage is that which remains 



when the cost of marketing the for- 



.-€st product has been paid out of the 



returns from the sale. Obviously, 

 there are but three ways of increas- 

 ing stumpage values, namely, by 

 raising the price of the product, by 

 eliminating waste, or by reducing 

 the costs of marketing. Unhappily, 

 the price of lumber, the main forest 

 product, is determined by a great 

 variety of considerations, most of 

 which are wholly beyond the con- 

 trol of the friends of the forest. 



Use of By-products. 

 The utilization of materials pre- 

 viously wasted makes slow progress. 

 There have not been nearly so many 

 by-product developments as could 

 be wished, and every step in ad- 

 vance — no matter how rich in early 

 promise of good financial returns — 



