Canadian Forestry Journal, June, igi6. 



593 



Prevent tearing the bark off the 

 trunk in removing large limbs by 

 first making an "undercut." 



Make the cuts on a slant. Some 

 trees, like the elm. sycamore, linden 

 and willow will stand the process of 

 heading back more than others, and 

 the poplar is a tree that must be cut 

 back every few years to keep its 

 crow'n from becoming too tall and 

 unsafe. 



When shortening a branch, leave 

 a few twngs at the end to draw the 



sap to the freshly cut wound and 

 thus enable the growing laver under 

 the bark to heal it over. 



In trimming small branches or 

 shoots, the cut must be made just 

 'above a bud. 



When several branches ^ome out 

 from the trunk in a whorl, they 

 should not all be cut away at the 

 same time lest the tree be' girdled. 

 This arrangement of branches occurs 

 most frequently in the coniferous 

 trees. — American Forestry. 



Ship Shape Raft for Lumber Cargoes 



A novel method of getting needed 

 timber and lumber overseas without 

 using up shipping so urgently need- 

 ed for other purposes, has been en- 

 unciated by Captain A. G. Midford, 

 of Ottawa. His plan, in brief, is to 

 tow it across in the form of huge 

 timber rafts, and he states that from 

 one to tw^enty million feet of timber 

 can be taken over at once. His sug- 

 gestion has received commendation 

 both in Canada and in Great Britain 

 and it is probable that the sugges- 

 tion may be productive of practical 

 results. 



The Timber Trades Journal, a 

 well-known British publication, re- 

 fers to the suggestion as follows : 



Scarcity of Tonnage. 



"The difficulty of all nations, bel- 

 ligerent and neutral, is the scarcity 

 of tonnage. Although this is in a 

 great part due to the large number 

 of mercantile ships engaged in car- 

 rying supplies for war purposes, so 

 great must be the wastage that, not- 

 withstanding the releasing of a large 

 amount of tonnage at the close of 

 hostilities and the continued build- 

 ing of new vessels, ships wnll be in 

 greater demand after the war than 

 now. 



"The best way to economize in 

 the matter of ships is to do without 

 them altogether, and though this is 



impossible, at least at present, for 

 the transport of certain classes of 

 goods from overseas, we are pleased 

 to hear that as regards the transport 

 of timber it is not only possible but 

 likely to be brought about by sheer 

 necessity. A\'e have been favored 

 with a copy of a letter received by 

 the Timber Trade Federation from 

 A. G. Midford. of Ottawa, a civil en- 

 gineer, who has had a life of experi- 

 ence in executing maritime work ot 

 magnitude and in solving maritime 

 problems. He also holds a master's 

 certificate and is well known 

 throughout Canada, the United 

 ."States and South America. This 

 gentleman, w^e understand, has 

 shown certain plans for the trans- 

 port overseas of wood goods to 

 Senator Edwards, of the well-known 

 Edwards Lumber Company, who 

 describes Captain Midford's' project 

 as an inviting one and deserving of 

 consideration. 



Ship Shape Raft. 



•'Captain Midford's object is to 

 construct the ship-shape raft of tim- 

 ber and lumber in such a manner as 

 to provide against the incessant and 

 usual strain to which any floating 

 body or ship is exposed and must 

 encounter and in meeting the vicis- 

 situdes of a stormy sea. According 

 to Captain Midford, the ship-shaped 



