Canadian Forestry Journal, July^ ic,i6. 



633 



by a great forest fire, except that 

 only the pine has been killed; the 

 Douglas Fir. spruce, and any trees 

 in the stand other than pines are not 

 aflfected. Over the greater part of 

 the infested area the injury is evi- 

 denced by clumps and strips of dead 

 trees with scattered dead trees here 

 and there. In some sections the in- 

 jury is extending very rapidly, while 

 in others the spread is more gradual. 



Growingly Serious. 

 Three species of beetles belonging 

 to the genus Dendroctomis are re- 

 sponsible for this destruction. The 

 most abundant is Dendroctomis mon- 

 ticolae, the Mountain Pine Beetle, 

 already referred to, second in im- 

 portance is D. brez'icoinis, the West- 

 ern Pine Bark Beetle, and the third. 

 D. ralens, the Red Turpentine Bark 

 Beetle, assists the other two de- 

 structive species. Minor attacks by 

 these beetles also occur in the 

 Kootena^ys. I have said enough to 

 indicate that the loss from these at- 

 tacks has been very great, and the 

 mjury is spreading and becoming 

 more serious each year. There is 

 the further danger connected with 

 such bark-beetle outbreaks that 

 fires may be started in the extensive 

 areas of dead beetle-kileld timber, 

 and thus obtain great headway. The 

 control of these bark-beetles, not 

 yet undertaken, would appear to be 

 a most necessary measure for the 

 southern interior of British Colum- 

 bia. 



The Black Pine or Lodgepole 

 Pine, improperly termed Jack Pine, 

 Finns murrayana, is being killed ex- 

 tensively by the Mountain Pine 

 Bark Beetle. It occurs in mixed 

 stands with Yellow Pine and with 

 White Pine and is killed apparently 

 quite as readilv as its more valuable 

 neighbours. Black Pine is attacked 

 by an allied species, D. mnrrayanae 

 m the Rockies, but no definite out- 

 breaks by that species have been lo- 

 cated. 



Jack Pine. Finns divaricata, is at- 

 tacked in Northern Manitoba by 



Dendroctomis rufipennis, but no im- 

 portant outbreaks have been found. 



The Eastern White Pine, Finns 

 strohiis, is injured at the base by 

 Dendroctojiits valens as is also our 

 Eastern White Spruce ; but we have 

 at present no extensive bark-beetle 

 outbreaks to Eastern White Pine in 

 Canadian forests. 



The Sitka Spruce, Ficea sitchensis, 

 is attacked and killed by its common 

 enemy, the Sitka Spruce Bark 

 Beetle, Dendroctomis obesns. This 

 beetle is killing small numbers of 

 mature trees at various places on 

 the Coast and on Vancouver Is- 

 land ; it is apparently more injurious 

 in the Queen Charlotte Islands, al- 

 though the dying timber there has 

 not yet been examined. The Sitka 

 Spruce Bark Beetle is an enemy well 

 worth careful attention in spruce 

 limits throughout its range. 



Into Green Timber. 



The Engelmann's Spruce, Ficea 

 engelmanni, in British Columbia, and 

 Alberta, and the White Spruce, 

 Ficea canadensis, in northern British 

 Columbia, northern Alberta and the 

 Yukon, are readily attacked and 

 killed by Dendroctonus borealis. 

 This injurious species is everywhere 

 abundant in slash and dying trees, 

 from whatever cause, and has spread 

 in recent years from the slash of 

 clearings and trail cuttings to near- 

 by green timber. Several such out- 

 breaks in their initial stages, were 

 located this summer in Northern Al- 

 berta and in Eastern British Colum- 

 bia, and a similar outbreak has just 

 been reported from Southwestern 

 Alberta. The injury is showing in 

 Glacier Park and in Field Park in 

 several places. The early applica- 

 tion of control measures' will pre- 

 vent more extensive injuries. 



The White Spruce, Ficea cana- 

 densis, is attacked in the Eastern 

 Provinces by the destructive East- 

 ern Spruce Bark Beetle, Dendroc- 

 tomis piceaperda. During the last 

 century there were several great 

 outbreaks by this species in South- 



