Canadian Forestry Journal, November, ipi6 



811 



have shown that if the chips are made 

 of the proper size they can first be put 

 through the extraction process as be- 

 fore and then converted into pulp. 



Converting cellulose into a gelatin- 

 ous material known as viscose opens 

 up still another field of research for the 

 utilization of wood waste and adding 

 a new line of products running all the 

 way from sausage casings to tapestry. 

 Many of the "silk" socks, neckties and 

 fancy braids now on the market con- 

 tain artificial silk made from wood. 



Employing Kraft. 



Experimental kraft has been made at 

 the laboratory, using longleaf pine mill 

 waste, which compares favorably with 

 the best krafts on the market. Kraft 

 differs from other papers in that it is 

 much stronger, due to the less severe 

 action of the chemicals. It is brown. 

 like what we usually think of as wrap- 

 ping-paper. Large quantities of it 

 are used for that purpose, and it is par- 

 ticularly suitable for large envelopes. 

 It is used for book covers, for imitation 

 leather and for cardboard suitcases. 

 etc. Gummed strips are used in place 

 of string for tying packages. Cut 

 into strips, either with one side gum- 

 med and spread with a fine lint or used 

 plain, it is run into a spinning machine 

 and twisted into threads. This thread 

 is then woven into such products as 

 onion and cofifee bags, matting suit- 

 cases and bags, wall covering similar to 

 burlap, furniture resembling the reed, 

 coarse mattings, twine, etc. So far at- 

 tempts to make binder twine from kraft 

 have not been successful, but should 

 the diculties be overcome this alone 

 would provide for the utilization of a 

 large amount of wood waste and at the 

 same time build up a home industry 

 independent of foreign raw materials. 



There is much of the work of the 

 laboratory which is of considerable im- 

 portance to the industries, but is of 

 less popular interest. 



Over a hundred thousand tests have 

 been made on commercial American 

 timbers on which to base specifications 

 for timber construction. Supplement- 

 ing these tests, further tests on boxes 

 and barrels have resulted in a revision 

 of specifications of the Interstate Com- 



merce Commission for containers for 

 shipping explosives. 



It is estimated that sap stain causes 

 an annual loss of over $7,000,000, 

 which experiments have shown can be 

 prevented. 



The wood-block pavement is fre- 

 quently objected to because of swelling 

 and bleeding. By bleeding is meant the 

 oozing of oil from the treated blocks. 

 Means are being developed for over- 

 coming both difficulties. 



A study of the operative features in 

 a destructive distillation plant resulted 

 in one case in increased yields of pro- 

 ducts to the amount of $15,000 annual- 



ly- 



This is only representative of what 

 has been done in the comparatively few 

 years that forest products investiga- 

 tions have been under way- The per 

 capita consumption of lumber is gradu- 

 ally decreasing with increases in popu- 

 lation, whereas the per capita consump- 

 tion of other forest products, notably 

 paper, increases. These natural ten- 

 dencies and scientific investigation will 

 together operate toward complete utili- 

 zation of our forest resources, which, 

 as previously stated will mean much 

 for the economic and industrial welfare 

 of the country. It will not be neces- 

 sary to increase continually the annual 

 cut of timber, or the annual lumber 

 output, in order to maintain a normal 

 growth of industries dependent upon 

 the forests for their raw material. 



Dyes from Osage Orange. 



The manufacture of dyes from the 

 waste of osage orange wood has be- 

 come a commercial success as a result 

 of investigations. Carloads of wood 

 are now being shipped to eastern ex- 

 tract plans from Oklahoma^ and the 

 dye is being produced at the rate of 

 about $750,000 per year. ^Before the 

 establishment of this industry, the 

 waste of orange wood had no market 

 value and the extract plants were im- 

 porting dye wood from Mexico and 

 Central America. 



