170 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY 



the nose only. The nostrils ought therefore to be 

 large and expanded. The skin also which covers 

 them should be thin and elastic, that they may 

 the more readily yield when the animal requires a 

 greater supply of air while trotting hard or gallop- 

 ing. In the race-horse, the nostrils are wide and 

 flexible, while in the cart-horse they are con- 

 fined, and surrounded by a quantity of cellular 

 tissue and thick skin. 



There are, besides, four distinct cartilages attached 

 to the nostrils, which are exceedingly elastic, and 

 bring them back to their ordinary dimensions when- 

 ever the muscles cease to act. The bones also of 

 the nose, ;/, Plate viii, fig. 2, and n n, fig. 3, are 

 tapered off to a point, to give a wider range for the 

 action of the muscles ; while the cartilages are so 

 constructed as not only to discharge the office above 

 referred to, but also to prevent this tapering point 

 of bone from injury. 



zt. The palate. 



V. The inferior maxillary-bone, containing the incisor teeth, 

 or nippers. 



TV. The molar teeth, or grinders. 

 Xf X. The tongue. 



y. The posterior maxillary, or jaw, with its incisors. 

 ^, z. The lips. 



12. The upper incisory teeth. 



13. The lower incisory teeth. 



14. The posterior maxillary, or jaw-bone. 



1. The thyroid, or helmet-shaped cartilage, enclosing and 



protecting the contiguous parts. 



2. The epiglottis, or covering of the glottis, or aperture of 



the windpipe. 



3. The arytenoid, or funnel-shaped cartilages, having between 



them the aperture leading into the trachea, or wind- 

 pipe. 



