ABORTION 



501 



milker, great care must be exercised, otherwise deep 

 fissures and ulcers may form, and the same affection 

 may appear on the teats of all the other animals 

 milked by the same unclean person. Mammitis may 

 also result from the animal suffering so much pain on 

 milking that she refuses to give up her milk. 



Remedies. — Chapped and other diseased con- 

 ditions of the teats are largely preventable. With this 

 object in view, the hands of the milker should be 

 washed before and after milking a cow, and the 

 farmer or dairyman should have clean water, towel, 

 and soap so placed as to allow of this being carried 

 into practice without Inconvenience and trouble to 

 the milker. 



Before (if necessary), and always after, milking, the 

 teats should be sponged and dried, and if the skin Is 

 tender (as it generally Is In all cows for some time after 

 calving, but especially In cows subjected to milking 

 after their first calf), anointed with camphorated olive oil 

 and glycerine. If this treatment is adopted from the 

 first, the tender skin having now been used to the 

 friction and heat In milking, will not become in- 

 flamed and tender, and when this stage has been 

 reached, the ointment may be discontinued, and all 

 that Is now required Is to keep the teats clean. 



ABORTION. 



This is the term In general use to signify a pre- 

 mature expulsion of the foetus from the womb at any 

 period before, when born. It Is capable of a separate 

 existence. A calf seldom lives if born at seven 

 months, and even at the end of eight months it is 

 small and weakly. Abortion may take place as early 



