514 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY 



expected to have attained their full strength at two 

 years. 



There are many other methods adopted in feeding 

 and fattening calves and cattle, but these come more 

 within the scope of a work on agriculture than of one 

 on farriery. 



DENTITION OF CATTLE. 

 The period at which the teeth appear in the 

 mouth varies according to the breed and early 

 maturity of the animal, and without doubt the feeding 

 of the animal affects the growth of the teeth. Well- 

 bred and well-fed animals have the teeth earlier in 

 the jaws than under-bred and under-fed cattle. As an 

 example, the mouth of a well-bred shorthorn at three 

 and a half years is as advanced as that of a West High- 

 land at four and a half years, so that to judge correctly 

 we require to calculate the shorthorn by the table of 

 early dentition and the West Highland by that of 

 late dentition. As a guide to early dentition the 

 following table may be used : — 



!2 central temporary incisors. 

 2 middle temporary incisors. 

 2 lateral temporary mcisors. 

 2 corner temporary incisors, 

 fist, 2nd, and 3rd temporary 

 At birth, or within one month -J molars on each side, and 



(^ above, and below. 

 At six months 4th permanent molar. 



At fifteen months 5th below permanent molar. 



At one year and ten months to two years, the central temporary 

 incisors are thrown off, and replaced by the two central permanents, 

 and about the same time, the 6th molar makes its appearance in 

 the jaw. 



At two years and six months, the middles are cast and re- 

 placed by the two permanent middle, and at this time, also, the ist 

 and 2nd temporary molars are replaced by the ist and 2nd per- 

 manent molars. 



At two years and nine months to three years, the lateral tern- 



