BY ORGANIC SALTS. 301 



mer, that at least one half of his manure is wasted, if exposed 

 to the influence of rains, and the ordinary action of the at- 

 mosphere. 



2. Urine uf the horse. The urine of the horse, and some- 

 times of other herbiferous animals, contains hippuric acid, 

 which takes the place of the uric acid. The result, however, 

 in vegetation is nearly the same, as the acid in both cases 

 gives rise to ammonia by decomposition. The value of 

 horse-urine will appear from its composition. 100 parts 

 contain 



Water G4.0 



Urea .7 



Carbonate of soda .9 



Carbonate of lime 1.1 



Hippurate of soda 2.4 



Muriate of potash .9 



iocToo 



From its composition, it is at least equal in value to cow-dung. 

 3. Human urine is equally valuable with either of the pre- 

 ceding. It is composed, in 1000 parts, of 



Sal ammoniac .459 



Sulphate of potash 2.112 



Muriate of potash 3.674 



Common salt 5.06'J 



Phosphate of soda 4.267 



Phosphate of lime .209 



Acetate of soda 2.770 



Urate of ammonia .298 



Urea with coloring matter 23.640 

 Water S67.511 



The quantity of salts in 1090 lbs. of this urine is upwards 

 of 42 lbs. The salts of ammonia makes it about equal in 

 value to cow-dung, pound for pound ; but as the other salts 

 are more than double, 1000 lbs. of human urine is worth 

 nearly 2000 lbs. of the best cow-dung. 



If now we compare the quantity of salts in the solid, with 

 these in the liquid evacuations, we shall find that human, 

 horse and cow dung, contain upon an average, 1 per cent., 

 while human urine contains 4.24 per cent., that from the 

 horse 6, and that from the cow 35 per cent. 



There is no substance, however, which varies more in com- 

 position than urine. Its composition depends upon the kind 

 of food,* but it is always a most valuable manure. No farmer 



* " White turnips give a weaker liquor than Swedish. Green 



