1 6 PHYSIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS CMAI-. 



2. The stomach (J/). A greyish-white organ, situated 



directly below the diaphragm, but more on the left 

 side of the rabbit than the liver, by which it is partly 

 covered. 



3. The duodenum (A"). Part of the small intestine. A 



reddish-white tube, lying at the right of the stomach, 

 close to the liver. 



4. The ileum (O). Part of the small intestine. A dark- 



greyish tube, lying in many turns, occupying a large 

 part of the middle of the abdomen. 



5. The coecum (P). Part of the large intestine. A large 



tube, much darker in colour than the small intestine, 

 lying below them, across the abdomen, in a few coils. 



6. The colon ( 0. Part of the large intestine. A smaller 



tube than the coecum, lighter in colour, and of a 

 puckered appearance, seen at the lower end of the 

 cavity. 



7. Bladder. A thin-walled bag lying in the middle line at 



the bottom of the abdomen, varying in size, and there- 

 fore more or less seen according to the quantity of urine 

 it contains. 



Draw out one of the coils of the small intestine. Passing 

 from its border is a thin transparent membrane, the mesen- 

 tery. This membrane attaches the intestine along its whole 

 length to the vertebral column at the back of the abdomen. 

 In the mesentery, blood-vessels are seen, which branch as 

 they pass along the mesentery to the intestine. Cut or tear 

 through the mesentery close to the intestine, and go on until 

 you have unravelled all the small intestine, gradually turning 

 it out of the abdomen as you proceed. In doing so the blood- 

 vessels will be torn, and the blood in them will escape. You 

 will find that the small intestine is a long tube, connected at 

 one, the lower, end to the coecum, and so to the rest of the 

 large intestine, and at the other end by means of its upper 

 portion, the duodenum, to the right end of the stomach. Turn 

 out the coecum and rest of the large intestine down to its 

 lower end, where it is fixed at the place where the tube, the 

 lower part of which is the rectum, opens to the exterior of 

 the body, at the anus. 



The duodenum is more firmly fixed by the mesentery than 



