ill GENKk.M. STRUCTURE OF THE BODY 17 



tin- rest of the small intestine. In this part of the mesentery 

 is situated a large, but thin and irregular, greyish-white organ, 

 the pancreas. The pancreas, then, lies to the right of and 

 below the stomach in the mesentery fixing the duodenum. In 

 moving the small intestine you will have seen a small dark- 

 red organ, about two inches long, which was lying just below 

 the left end of the stomach, and partly covered by the intestine. 

 This is the spleen. 



Under the intestines, a little above the middle of the 

 abdomen, on each side of the vertebral column, is a dark-red 

 iii^an, about li inch long, partly covered with fat. This is 

 the kidney. Passing from the inner side of each kidney is a 

 fine whitish tube, the ureter, which runs downwards to the 

 bottom of the abdomen to the bladder, lying in the middle 

 line in front of the rectum. 



Cut across the intestine, and lay it open a short distance 

 along its length, to satisfy yourself that it is a tube. Open 

 the duodenum in the same way, to see that its cavity opens out 

 of the cavity of the stomach. Open the stomach by a cut 

 from side to side along its lower edge, and turn out its con- 

 tents, which consist of partly-digested food. At the upper 

 left-hand part of the stomach is the opening into it of 

 the oesophagus, a tube which passes from the mouth down 

 the neck, through the thorax, and piercing the diaphragm, 

 enters the stomach. By means of this' tube the food reaches 

 the stomach. There is thus a continuous tube from the 

 mouth, by means of the oesophagus, stomach, and intestines, 

 to the anus. This tube is called the alimentary canal, 

 because it is for the alimentation or feeding of the body. 



Cut through the ribs and muscles between them on each 

 side of the thorax, beginning at the lower end, and lay open 

 the thorax by removing the middle piece, lifting it up at its 

 lower end first. A little on the left of the middle, enclosed in 

 a thin bag, called the pericardium, is the heart. Slit open 

 the pericardium, and so lay bare the heart a conical, muscular 

 or-aii, with the pointed end below and the broad end above. 

 Ciently tear away the fat covering the broad end or base, 

 \\hcrc several tubes, called arteries and veins, are con- 

 nected with the heart. The tube which looks the largest, feels 

 the firmest, and is whitish in appearance, is an artery, the 



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