<;r\KR \i. srkr. Trur. <>K TIIK nonv 



I lie bladder is situated at tin- lower end of the alxlomen, 



in front and in the middle line. The rectum passes behind it. 



The "Walls of the Thorax. Below lies the diaphragm ; 



at tin: hack is the vertebral column, with the ribs arising from 



. II 



Fie;. 4.--I>i;u;r.im of the thorax showing the position of the heart and lungs. 



x-12, ribs ; 1 1, 12, floating ribs, s, sternum : r, rib ; c.c, costal cartilages ; c, clavicle ; 



/, lungs ; a, apex of heart ; feric, pericardium, cut edge. 



it, and the muscles of the back ; at the sides arc the ribs and 

 the intercostal muscles between them ; in front is the ster- 

 num and the ribs with their cartilaginous ends meeting it ; 

 above, the thorax is closed by the upper ribs gradually 

 becoming shorter, the first rib being a small flattened arch, 

 which forms, with the muscles at the root of the neck, the 



