72 THE WAY OF A TROUT WITH A FLY 



There are also the caddis or case flies (Phryganidse), which 

 again, with the exception of the grannom, do not lend 

 themselves to imitation, representation, or suggestion 

 otherwise than in the perfect or winged form. 



The grub crawling on the bottom in its sheath of stones 

 or sticks or sand is no doubt frequently eaten by the trout, 

 but does not, either in form or habitat, lend itself to repre- 

 sentation by the fly dresser. It might be that occasionally 

 the ascending pupa about to hatch into the perfect fly 

 could be approximately reproduced. Indeed, the gran- 

 nom is more often taken by the trout when ascending 

 to hatch out than as a perfect fly, and a brown partridge 

 hackle with a green silk or wool body is readily accepted 

 as a substitute, but the ascending pupae of other case flies 

 are not so easy to reproduce. 



There is the alder, sometimes confused with a case fly, 

 which spends its larval stage in the mud, crawls ashore 

 and pupates in the earth; and, though it frequents the 

 water-side, it only drops on the water, much in the same 

 way as a land fly, as a casualty. In the larval form, 

 however, it would not be badly represented by a Honey- 

 dun Bumble dressed with a palish Tup's Indispensable 

 body; and I once had a fly, so dressed, torn to pieces by 

 eager May trout in Germany. 



There are also the gnats which breed freely in stagnant 

 or slow water, and are taken in the subaqueous as well as 

 the perfect and winged stage, though seldom imitated by 

 anglers in the subaqueous stages. Finally, there are 

 various small midges and beetles. 



The land flies which get on to the water are less im- 

 portant. They are all in the nature of casualties, and 

 comprise ants (of which trout are inordinately fond), 

 sundry flies of the house-fly and blow-fly type, the oak fly 

 or downlooker, and sundry crane flies, etc. 



