100 FUNGI. 



caying stems, sticks, &c. The mycelium consists of 

 inconspicuous, fine filaments, which run beneath the 

 epidermis and bark of leaves and stems, or exist in 

 the intercellular passages, the fruit bursting through 

 the surface. The spores are short-stalked, forming 

 stylospores (o-ruXo?, stalk, O-TTO/OO?, seed) or conid'ia 

 (tcov&iov, little dust). But there is great confusion 

 in the descriptions of the spores of the same Fungus 

 by different botanical authors, some describing the 

 fruit (in PI. VII. fig. 15, for instance) as composed of 

 rows of spores, while others regard it as forming a 

 single septate (septum, a partition) or partitioned spore. 



Torula herbdrum (PI. VII. fig. 12) is very common 

 on the decaying stems of plants, especially those be- 

 longing to the Parsley order (Umbelliferse), forming 

 greenish-black streaks or patches. The spores (fig. 13) 

 are grouped into chains or beaded (moniliform) rows, 

 with very short stalks, and these are crowded to form 

 the black patches visible to the naked eye. Under 

 the microscope the spores appear of a brown colour. 



Torula cdsei (PL VII. fig. 11) forms reddish or 

 white patches upon decaying cheese. It consists of 

 branched, interwoven, tufted filaments (flocci), with 

 comparatively large spherical spores arranged in rows 

 at their ends. 



Nemas'pora crocea (PL VII. fig. 10) is a very curious 

 member of this Order, and is found upon decaying 

 beech-sticks. It appears as an orange-coloured tendril- 

 like gelatinous mass of spores, bursting through a 

 little pore on the surface of the bark. The spores 

 (fig. 10 a) are very minute, slender, and curved, and 

 under a high power appear jointed. 



dEcid'ium grossuldriae (PL VII. fig. 8) is found very 

 commonly on the leaves of the gooseberry-bush. It 

 forms to the naked eye oval or rounded spots (sori), 

 of a red colour ; and on close examination, the spots 

 appear dotted with yellow points. Each point is the 

 rifice of an open capsule ( peridium), which has burst 



