CONIOMYCETES. 101 



through the epidermis of the leaf (PI. VII. fig. 

 The capsules are split or lacerated at the margins, and 

 form little cups containing the spores. The spores 

 are very minute, yellow, and are arranged in closely 

 packed moniliform rows. The red colour depends 

 upon the altered chlorophyll of the leaf. On the 

 leaves containing the spore-capsules or peridia will 

 be found smaller, brownish-yellow capsules (spermo- 

 gonia) partly imbedded in their substance (PL VII. 

 fig. 9 s). These contain minute filaments (sterigmatd], 

 terminated by short rows of rounded cells (spermatia], 

 which are supposed to exert an antheridial function. 

 The species ofJEcidium are very numerous, and many 

 of them are extremely common as those upon the 

 nettle, the barberry, the dandelion, the wood-ane- 

 mone, the violet, and buttercups. The groups of 

 capsules form exquisite opake objects under a low 

 power of the microscope. 



PhragmicFium bulbosum (PL VII. fig. 14) is another 

 very beautiful coniomycetous Fungus. It forms little 

 reddish, afterwards sooty dots upon the under surface 

 of the leaves of various species of Bramble (Rubus) . 

 The oblong spores (fig. 15) are from 2- to 4-septate, 

 and stalked, the stalks being swollen or bulbous at 

 the base. The spores, which appear brown when 

 magnified, are covered with little knobs (tuberculate) 

 on the surface; and the uppermost little spore or 

 sporidium is terminated by a minute point (apiculate) . 

 Among the spores are numerous barren filaments or 

 paraphyses. 



Pucciriia gram'inis (PL VII. fig. 16) is to be found 

 everywhere upon damp rotting straw, and upon grasses. 

 It forms sooty irregular streaks, consisting of densely 

 crowded, one-partitioned (uniseptate) spores (fig. 17), 

 which appear brown under the microscope. This 

 Fungus is sometimes called "mildew." There are 

 numerous other species of Puccinia which occur upon 

 common plants. 



K3 



