110 FUNGI. 



in which, the bottle-shaped capsules (perithecia) are 

 immersed, the necks projecting slightly above the 

 surface as little points (papillae). The tufted spore- 

 sacs or asci (fig. 21), with the thread-like paraphyses, 

 are contained within the capsules; and within the 

 asci are the densely packed, very numerous and minute 

 curved spores. 



Another species, Sphceria discifor'mis, is also com- 

 mon on birch-sticks. It differs from the last in the 

 tubercles being perfectly flat; the spores are also 

 longer, straight, and spindle-shaped (fusiform). 



PERISPORACEI. Erys'iphe guttdta (Pl.YIII. fig. 33) 

 is a member of this family. It appears on the under 

 side of the leaves of the common hazel as a pale spot ; 

 and on closely examining it with the naked eye, little 

 black dots are seen scattered on the surface. These 

 are the capsules (conceptacles), which are seated upon 

 straight white filaments. The filaments (fulcra) are 

 six or seven in number, and are placed under the 

 capsule, like the legs of a stool (fig. 34) ; they are 

 rigid, and swollen or inflated at the base (fig. 35). 

 The asci are broad and short, and contain only two 

 spores. 



Erysiphe maculdris is the very destructive hop-mil- 

 dew ; and other species are common on various plants. 



Ch&tomium eldtum (PI. VIII. fig. 29) resembles 

 little tufts of brown hairs, occurring upon decaying 

 herbaceous stems. The capsule (fig. 28) is crusta- 

 ceous, and covered with interlaced, rough, branched 

 hairs (fig. 28 b). The spores (fig. 28 a) are oval, with 

 a little point at one end (apiculate). 



PHYSOMYCETES ($i)<ra, bladder, (JLVKTJS, fungus). 

 The Fungi belonging to this order include some of the 

 commonest moulds growing upon decaying vegetable 

 substances ; while others are found upon leaves, &c. 

 The flocci are generally very evident ; and the spores 

 are contained in little naked, bladder-like capsules 

 (peridiola) at the ends of free filaments. 



