xiv CONTENTS 



loons, grebes, auks, etc. (Pygopodes), 343. The gulls, terns, petrels, and 

 albatrosses (Longipennes), 345. The cormorants, pelicans, etc. (Stegano- 

 podes), 346. The ducks, geese, and swans (Anseres), 347. The ibises, 

 herons, and bitterns (Herodiones). 347. The cranes, rails, and coots (Palu- 

 dicolse), 348. The snipes, sand-pipers, plovers, etc. (Limicolse), 349. 

 The grouse, quail, pheasants, turkeys, etc. (Gallinse), 358. The doves and 

 pigeons (Columbse), 351. The eagles, hawks, owls, and vultures (Raptores), 

 351. The parrots (Psittaci), 353. The cookoos and kingfishers (Coccyges), 

 354. The woodpeckers (Pici), 354. The whippoorwills, chimney-swifts, 

 and humming-birds (Macrochires), 356. The perchers (Passeres), 357. 

 Determining and studying the birds of a locality, 359. Bills and feet, 362. 

 Flight and songs, 364. Nestling and care of the young, 366. Local dis- 

 tribution and migration, 367. Feeding habits, economics, and protection of 

 birds, 370. 



XXVIII. BRANCH CHORDATA (CONTINUED). 



CLASS MAMMALIA : THE MAMMALS. 



EXAMPLE : THE MOUSE (Mus MUSCULUS) [Laboratory exercise]. Struc- 

 ture, 373. Life-history and habits, 379. 



OTHER MAMMALS. 



Body form and structure, 381. Development and life-history, 387. 

 Habits, instincts, and reason, 387. Classification, 388. The opossums 

 (Marsupialia), 389. The rodents or gnawers (Glires), 390. The shrews 

 and moles (Insectivora), 391. The bats (Chiroptera), 391. The dolphins, 

 porpoises, and whales (Cete), 393. The hoofed mammals (Ungulata), 394. 

 The carnivores (Ferae), 396. The man-like mammals (Primates), 398. 



PART III 



ANIMAL ECOLOGY 



XXIX. THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE, ADAPTATION, 

 AND SPECIES-FORMING. 



The multiplication and crowding of animals, 404. The struggle for 

 existence, 406. Variation and natural selection, 406. Adaptation and 

 adjustment to surroundings, 407. Species forming, 408. Artificial selec- 

 tion, 409. 



XXX. SOCIAL AND COMMUNAL LIFE, COMMENSALISM, AND 

 PARASITISM. 



Social life and gregarkmsness, 410. Communal life, 411. Commen- 

 salism 413. Parasitism, 415. 



