BRANCH ARTHROPODA ; CLASS IN SECT A : THE INSECTS 189 



the just hatched young of which resemble their parents, 

 are said to have an incomplete metamorphosis (fig. 52). 



In the case of insects with complete metamorphosis, 

 the young hatches as an active grub or worm-like feeding 

 larva which increases in size, casting its skin or molting 

 several times in its growth. Finally after the last larval 

 molt (fig. 53) called pupation the insect appears in a 





FIG. 53. The larva of the violet tip butterfly, Polygonia interragationis* 

 making its last molt, i.e. pupating. (Photograph from life.) 



quiescent non-feeding stage called the pupa (fig. 54), and 

 encased in an extra thick and firm chitinous exoskeleton. 

 The immovable pupa is sometimes concealed underground, 

 sometimes enclosed in a silken cocoon spun by the larva 

 just before pupation, or is in some other way specially 

 protected. It is in this pupal condition that the great 

 changes from wingless, often legless, worm-like larva to 



