BRANCH ARTHROPOD A; CLASS IN SECT A : THE INSECTS 213 



specimens can be got of a bee raiser. Compare the external struc- 

 ture of ants, bees, and wasps with that of other insects ; note the 

 pronounced division of the body into three regions (head, thorax, 

 abdomen) ; note the character of the mouth-parts having mandibles 

 fitted for biting (ants and wasps) or moulding wax (honey-bees) and 

 having the other parts adapted for taking both solid and liquid 

 food ; note the sting (possessed by the females and workers only). 

 Observe the behavior of bees in and about a hive ; note the coming 

 and going of workers for food. Observe bees collecting pollen at 

 flowers ; observe them drinking nectar. Examine the honey-bee 





FIG. 76. Immature stages of the quince curculio, Conotrachelus crattzgi; 

 at the left, the larva natural size and enlarged ; at the right, the pupa. 

 The beetle lays its eggs in pits on quinces, and the larva lives inside 

 the quince as a grub; the pupa lives in the ground. (Photograph by 

 M. V. Sliugerland.) 



in its various stages, egg, larva, pupa, adult. Note the special 

 structure of the adult worker fitting it to perform its various special 

 labors ; the pollen-baskets on the hind legs ; the wax-plates on the 

 ventral surface of the abdomen, the wax-shears between tibia and 

 tarsus of hind legs ; the antennas-cleaners on the fore legs ; the 

 hooks on front margin of hind wings, etc. 



The Hymenoptera include the familiar ants, bees, and 

 wasps, and also a host of other four- winged, mostly 

 small, insects, many of which are parasites in their larval 

 stage on other insects. All Hymenoptera have a com- 



