334 ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY 



glandzi\<\ egg-duct or oviduct are wanting. The left egg- 

 gland appears as a glandular mass; during the breeding 

 season yellow ova or eggs in various stages of develop- 

 ment project from its surface. The oviduct opens by a 

 funnel-shaped mouth near the egg-gland and runs thence 

 to the cloaca. The eggs pass from the egg-gland into the 

 body-cavity, where they are caught in the upper end of 

 the oviduct and carried down and out through the cloacal 

 opening. It is in the oviduct that the egg derives its 

 accessory covering, which consists of a white or albumin- 

 ous portion, together with several enveloping membranes 

 and the hard shell enclosing all. 



Remove the top of the skull and note the large brain. 

 What portions of the brain make up the greater part of 

 it ? Note the differences between this brain and that of 

 the toad. Trace the principal cranial nerves. Work out 

 the spinal cord and principal spinal nerves. For an 

 account of the nervous system of the sparrow see Martin 

 and Moale's "How to Dissect a Bird," pp. 150-163. 



TECHNICAL NOTE. For a study of the skeleton of the sparrow 

 a specimen should be cleaned by boiling in a soap-solution (see p. 

 452). 



In the sparrow's skeleton note the compactness of the 

 skull and the fusion of its bones. Observe the long 

 cervical vertebra which support the skull, also the 

 thoracic vertebrce bearing the ribs and sternum. How 

 many of each of these kinds of vertebrae are there ? The 

 vertebrae posterior to the thorax are more or less fused 

 together to form "the sacrum, which, with the pelvic girdle, 

 supports the leg-bones. The bones of the tail consist of 

 a number of very small vertebrae, some of which are fused 

 together. Note the correspondence between the bones 

 of the leg and those of the wing. What are the names 

 of each of the bones of each limb, and what are the corre- 

 sponding bones in the two limbs ? The wings and legs 



