448 APPENDIX 



behavior of the living animals. All notes referring to 

 matters of life-history should be dated. 



Field-observations and notes. Scattered through this 

 book will be found numerous suggestions for student field- 

 work, for the observation of the life-history and habits and 

 conditions of animals in nature. As explained in the 

 Preface, the initiation and direction of such work must 

 be left to the teacher. But its importance both because 

 of its instructiveness and its interest is great. Pupils 

 should not only be incited to make individual observations 

 whenever and wherever they can, but the teacher should 

 make little field-excursions with the class or with parts of 

 it at various times, to ponds or streams or woods, and 

 1 ' show things" to all. The life-history and feeding- 

 habits of insects, the web-making of spiders, the flight, 

 songs, nesting, and care of young of birds, the haunts of 

 fishes, the development of frogs, toads, and salamanders, 

 the home-building and feeding-habits of squirrels, mice, 

 and other familiar mammals are all (as has been called 

 attention to at proper places in the book) specially fit 

 subjects for field-observation. 



Each pupil should keep a field note-book, recording 

 from day to day, under exact date, any observations he 

 may make. Let the most trivial things be noted ; when 

 referred to later in connection with other notes they may 

 not seem so trivial. The field note-book should be 

 smaller than the laboratory note- and drawing-book, 

 small enough to be carried in the pocket. Notes should 

 be made on the spot of observation ; do not wait to get 

 home. Sketches, even rough ones, may be advanta- 

 geously put into the book. Students with photographic 

 cameras can do some very interesting and valuable field- 

 work in making photographs of animals, their nests and 

 favorite haunts. Such photographic work is very effectively 

 used now in the illustration of books about animals and 



