470 PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS. CHAP. 



They were little or not at all worn by attrition, and long tusks 

 of elephants were found entire. 



Plentiful and frequent as are the pleistocene mammalia in the 

 upper and middle parts of the Thames Valley deposits, they appear 

 even more abundant as we pass eastward beyond the metropolis. On 

 the north side of the river, at Ilford and Gray's-Thurrock, and on 

 the south side at Crayford and Erith, not to mention other localities, 

 a larger series of these fossils has been obtained than from the 

 upper parts of the drainage. The section at Uphall Pit, Ilford, 

 as it appeared lately in the large brickfield there, presented the 

 following circumstances *, on the eastern side, where many bones 

 have been found : 



Section of Uphall Pit east side. 



ft. in. 



Soil, dark sandy with scattered pebbles . . . . .' . 3 o 

 ' Uncallow' consisting of gravel, bands of sand, brickearth, and loam, 

 generally ferruginous, much confused in arrangement. Some 



pebbles have the long axis vertical h 7 



Sandy loam ......23 



Sand, yellow and ferruginous, curved and irregular, with scattered 



gravel . . . . . 4 



Gravel and sand, irregular bed . . - 04 



Sand and gravel scattered as above, yellow and ferruginous . .30 



(Mammoth, rhinoceros, and bison found here.) 



Shell-bed of Anodon, Unio, and Cyrena (Corbicula) fluminalis . .06 

 (Undisturbed deposit of shells living on the spot) 



Clay, laminated, below the shells I o 



Pebble-bed in sand of a greenish and ferruginous aspect (not penetrated). 



The series of these irregular layers varies from point to point, 

 and suggests the intermitting action of violent land floods, snow 

 melting, and drifting of shore ice, much as the gravel-beds farther 

 up the valley. Loam and brickearth, the terms used in the district, 

 are not exactly expressive of the deposits ; both are very sandy, 

 the former most so, and all the sorts of sands, gravels, loams, 

 and brickearth are much confused together, except toward the 

 bottom of the pit. 



* The manager was so kind as to. have the lower portions exposed by digging in 

 my presence, June 1871. 



h Dawkins observed in this bed a large mass of 'Gray -weather' stone. Proc. 

 Geol. Soc. 1867. 



