xvm. MAMMALIAN REMAINS. 473 



Rhinoceros tichorhimis . . Ilford. . . Crayford. 



leptorhinus . . Ilford. Grays. Crayford. 



megarhinus . . Ilford. Grays. Crayford. 



Sus scrofa . . . . . . Grays. 



Hippopotamus major . . . . Grays. 



Castor fiber .... Ilford. Grays. 



Arvicola amphibia . . . Ilford. Grays. Crayford. 



So many of the animals in this list are found in deposits of 

 all pleistocene ages, except those very near to our own, that it 

 is only by attaching great weight to occurrences of some and 

 persistent absence of others, that any clear evidence of geological 

 date can be obtained. In this way two species catch attention 

 by their presence, viz. Elephas priscus and Rhinoceros megarhinus, 

 for these occur in the Forest-bed, and have not been seen in post- 

 glacial gravels certainly proved to be such. The absence of Elephas 

 meridionalis, Rhinoceros Etruscus, and Cervus arduus, which occur 

 in the Forest-bed, weighs in the contrary direction. But again, 

 the higher antiquity is supported by the absence of the reindeer. 

 On the whole then, according to all the evidence, we may regard 

 these deposits as rare examples of a peculiar kind, whose place in 

 time is somewhere between that of the late pre-glacial and early 

 post-glacial ages, when the levels of the country were different 

 from what they are at present. 



In the gravel of the Thames valley, and in peaty and lacustrine 

 deposits associated with it, but of less antiquity as a general rule, at 

 various points along the course of the riyer and its branches, but most 

 plentifully below the junction of the Evenlode, lie scattered bones 

 of many animals, some belonging to species now living in domes- 

 ticity as the horse and the ox ; others formerly wild in this 

 region as the red-deer and the wolf; others long since erased 

 from the catalogue of northern life as the rhinoceros and the 

 mammoth. The following is a general catalogue for the upper 

 drainage of the Thames ; and specimens of some part or other 

 of each of these animals are in the Oxford Museum : 



Gravel. Drift Clay, Peat, &c. 



Man Flint implements in the upper Cranium , near Swindon. 



parts. Dorchester, Witten- 

 ham n . 



n Collections of the Rev. J. C. Clutterbuck and the Author. 

 Collected by Mr. Brown of Cirencester. 



