GERMANY IN SCIENCE 15 



of the greatest of them are alive today in England, France, 

 and the United States. 



What I have said of geology is in large part true also of 

 paleontology. What names can Germany call which may fitly be 

 compared with those of Cuvier, Gaudry, Lartet, Filhol, andBoule, 

 in France; of Sir Richard Owen, Thomas H. Huxley, C. W. 

 Andrews and Henry and Arthur Smith Woodward, in England ; 

 of Leidy, Marsh, and Cope among the recently deceased in the 

 United States, not to speak of the small army of living Paleon- 

 tologists in America, a score of whom are doing work today 

 which is being equalled nowhere else in the world, certainly 

 not in Prussia. The great compendium of the late Dr. Zittel 

 of Munich falls into the class of text-books, of which German 

 professors have prepared so many in all the sciences, but it 

 does not illustrate to any great extent original research or in- 

 vestigation. It is the fruit of erudition, but nothing more. 



Coming now to the biological sciences I may say that the 

 field is so vast that to do justice to the subject would involve 

 far more time than is at my command, and I can only attempt 

 to touch lightly upon it. 



Who bears the proud title of ' 'The Father of Natural His- 

 tory* ' ? It is borne not by a German, but by a Swede, the immor- 

 tal Linnaeus. Botany and Zoology as modern sciences date from 

 the publication of the Tenth Edition of his Sy sterna Natura. To 

 him we are indebted for the binomial system of nomenclature. 

 He laid the foundation for the classification of all living things 

 in orders, families, genera, species, and varieties. It is 

 true that his system for the classification of plants, known 

 as "The Artificial System", has been superseded by "The 

 Natural System" proposed by his friend Jussieu, the French 

 botanist, but, in spite of that, he still stands forth as the great 

 leader and founder of our most advanced systematology. 



There have been not a few able botanists and zoologists 

 in Germany, and science owes a large debt to their labors, but 

 after giving them all the credit which is due to them, how 

 relatively small in the last analysis is the result of their la- 

 bors, when contrasted with the greater labors of their con tern- 



