8 GERMANY IN SCIENCE 



first iron-clad war vessel provided with a movable gun-turret, 

 and that he revolutionized by this invention the art of marine 

 warfare. 



The first successful submarine was invented by R. M. 

 Holland of New Jersey. 



The application of electricity to traction purposes is al- 

 most altogether the product of American thinking and experi- 

 ment, and is associated with the names of Sprague, Elihu 

 Thomson, Brush, Houston, Westinghouse, and Tesla. 



The telegraph is the invention of Morse, an American. 



The laying of the first transoceanic cable was due to the 

 efforts of Cyrus Field, still another citizen of the United 

 States. 



The telephone, as everybody knows, became a practical 

 commercial possibility as the result of the researches of Alex- 

 ander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, both citizens of this 

 country. 



The graphophone in its various applications reflects 

 American ingenuity. 



Wireless telegraphy is forever associated with the name 

 of Marconi, an Italian, though in its later development, it 

 owes something to a former colleague of mine, Reginald A. 

 Fessenden, who for a while taught electrical engineering in 

 our University. 



Balloons were invented by the brothers Montgolfier, 

 Frenchmen. They used hot air, generated by burning 

 chopped straw, to fill the bag, which was made of paper. A 

 few months later Mons. Charles of Paris inflated a balloon of 

 oiled silk with hydrogen gas, and in 1783 made three success- 

 ful flights. The first dirigible balloons were built in France by 

 the brothers Tessandier and made slow but successful flights. 

 Then came Santos Dumont, a young Brazilian, who in 1901 

 flew in his dirigible around the Eiffel Tower. Later he was 

 followed by Count Zeppelin, the German, whose exploits are 

 familiar to you. 



I have already alluded to the labors of Professor Samuel 

 P. Langley, which paved the way for the invention of the aer- 



