GERMANY IN SCIENCE 7 



ventions, the fact that leadership does not belong to Germany 

 is so evident that the contrary claim becomes laughable. Let 

 us glance at a few of the things which give our modern civil- 

 ization its form and its color. 



The steam-engine was made a useful machine by Watt, 

 a Scotchman. 



The locomotive was made a mechanical success by Steph- 

 enson, an Englishman. 



The steamship was invented by Fulton, an American. 



The first gas-engine was designed by a Frenchman. 



The bicycle, as it exists today, is also a French invention, 

 improved and developed by American and English mechanics 

 and artizans. 



The automobile, as we know it, is the product of French, 

 Italian, and Anglo-Saxon brains, the basic inventions being 

 French in their origin. The subject is too vast to go into at 

 length, but if the world had waited for a German to produce 

 such a thing as the automobile, it would have waited beyond 

 the present hour, and the thing would not yet be. 



The dynamo is based upon the discovery of inductive elec- 

 trical energy by Michael Faraday in 1831. In its present 

 forms and applications to use it represents the labors of a 

 host of men, but it is no perversion of truth to say that the 

 principal steps in its evolution have been brought about by 

 Americans, Englishmen, Frenchmen, and Italians. 



The development of turbine water-wheels almost wholly 

 reflects the skill of Frenchmen, and Americans. 



Steam turbines are the product of the thought of De Laval, 

 a Swede, C. A. Parsons, an Englishman, and Dr. Curtis of 

 New York. 



The air-brake was invented by our fellow-townsman, 

 George Westinghouse. 



The screw-propeller was invented by a Scotchman named 

 Weldon, but its successful employment to drive vessels 

 through the water was left to John Ericsson, a Swede, resi- 

 dent in the United States. Do not forget in passing that this 

 same John Ericsson was the inventor of the ' 'Monitor ", the 



