EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. 3 



learned author thinks otherwise, is evident by his description of 

 new species in a recent number of Linnea, where the same form 

 of diagnosis is followed. 



Wilson, in the Bryologia Britannica (1855), gives an excellent 

 outline of the characters peculiar to the Sphagna, and describes 

 nine species as British. 



Sullivant, in his Musci and Hepatic^ of the United States 

 (1856), describes sixteen species and indicates four others as 

 European ; several of these, however, are only varieties. 



Moldenhawer, in his Beitrdge zur Anatomie der PJlanzen 

 (18 1 2), first pointed out the dimorphous character of the cells 

 composing the leaves of the Sphagnaceae, and Von Mohl investi- 

 gated and confirmed these views in a valuable paper, Anatomische 

 Untersuchungen iiber die porosen Zellen von Sphagnum (1854) ; 

 while C. Nageli minutely studied the process of development of 

 the stem and leaves, and published the result in Zeitsckrift fiir 

 wissenschaftliche Botanik, Heft 2 (1845). 



Dozy gives an exact account of the anatomy of the Sphagna, 

 in his Bijdragen tot de Anatomie en Phytographie van de Sphagna 

 (1854), with good drawings of their structure. 



Hofmeister has ably investigated the minute development 

 of the Sphagna, and especially the structure of the female organ 

 and first formation of the fruit. See his Vergleichende Unter- 

 suchutigen, &c. (1851). 



Schimper, in 1858, gave to the world his grand treatise on 

 this subject, Versuch einer Entwickelungs-geschichte der Torf- 

 moose, a work most complete in details of structure both descrip- 

 tive and pictorial, and leaving hardly anything to be desired. In 

 it he advocates the elevation of the Sphagna to the dignity of 

 a class, equal to those of Mosses and Hepaticae, but in the new 

 edition of his Synopsis Muscorum he ranks them as anomalous 

 mosses. His descriptions of species are a model for all authors; 

 the habit of the plant, the external form and internal structure 

 of the stem, and of the leaves of the stem, branches, and peri- 

 chaetium, all find a place in the diagnostic characters. 



Lindberg, in vol. xix. of Ofvers. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 

 (1862), published a paper, Torfmossornas byggnad Utbrcdning och 

 systematiska Uppstdllning, in which will be found some valuable 

 observations on the family, and a mode of grouping the species 

 nearly the same as that adopted in the present work. 



b 2 



