114 



PERICARP. 



556. THE ACHENIUM is a small, dry, indehiscent pericarp, free from 

 the one seed which it contains, and tipped with the regains of the 

 style (buttercups, Lithospermum). 



557. The double achenium of the Umbeliferse, supported on a carpophore is called 

 cremocarp. The 2-carpeled achenium of the Compositas, usually crowned with a 

 pappus, is called cypsela. 



558. THE ACHENIA ARE OFTEN MISTAKEN for seeds. In the Labiatae and Bor- 

 rageworts they are associated in fours (.372). In Geum, Anemone, etc., they are 

 collected in heads. The rich pulp of the strawberry consists wholly of the over- 

 grown receptacle, wh\ch bears the dry achenia on its surface. (440). 



435 



432 



488 



440 



434 437 



432, Achenia of Anemone thalictroides. 433, Cremocarp of Archangelica officinalis, its halves 

 (merocarps) separated and suspended on the carpophore. 43 1, Cypsela of Thistle with its 

 plumous pappus. 435, Utricle of Chenopodium (pigweed). 436, Caryopsis of Wheat 437. 

 Samara of Elm. 438, Glans of Beech. 439, Drupe of Primus. 440, Fruit of Fragaria Indica, a 

 fleshy torus like the strawberry. 



559. THE UTRICLE is a small, thin, pericarp fitting loosely upon its 

 one seed, and often opening transversely to discharge it (pigweed, 

 prince's feather). 



560. CARYOPSIS, the grain or fruit of the grasses, is a thin, dry, 1- 

 seeded pericarp, inseparable- from the seed. 



561. SAMARA ; dry, 1-seeded, indehiscent, furnished with a mem- 

 branous wing or wings (ash, elm, maple). 



562. GLANS OR NUT ; hard, dry, indehiscent, commonly 1-seeded by 

 suppression ( 545), and invested with a persistent involucre called a 

 cupule, either solitary (acorn, hazelnutj or several together (chestnut, 

 beechnut). 



563. DRUPE, stone-fruit ; a 3-coated, 1 -celled, indehiscent pericarp, 

 exemplified in the cherry, peach. The outer coat (epidermis) is called 

 the epicarp, the inner is the nucleus or endocarp, hard and stony ; the 

 intervening pulp or fleshy coat is the sarcocarp (aapt-, flesh). These 

 coats are not distinguishable in the ovary. 



