THE CRYPTO GAMIA OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. 



525 



127 



Hepaticse. 523, Marchantia, sterile plant 5245, Fertile plant. 526, Vertical section of 

 the fertil-receptacle ; 527, of a perianth, showing the sporange bursting. 523, One of the elators 

 with four spores. 529, Portion of it highly magnified. 



543 544 



of the flowering plants. In the mosses, liver- 

 worts, etc., they appear only on the full-grown 

 plant ; in the ferns, Equisetaceae, etc., they ap- 

 pear only on the prothallus, the earliest growth 

 of the spore, and here the archegone gives birth 

 to an embryo, whence at length the true fern 

 arises, while the prothallus dies away. 



630. SPORES. These 

 are the true reproductive 

 germinating bodies of the 

 Cryptogams. They con- 

 sist each of a single cell, 

 often exceedingly minute, 

 and produced in immense 



numbers. The cell -wall ^^fiiir^ it-^irM 

 of the spore may be sim- -j ^^3w 



pie (Botrytis) or double, 

 as if a cell within a cell 

 (ferns). But the spores Fung . ^ Agaricns (Mushroom) in various sta?es . ^ 



are often apparently tearing open the volva ; ft, annulus, the remains of the veil 





540 



double or 2-celled (lich- < 6 > ; C 'P ileUS; W elium - , Portion of the gills. 539, 

 v Basulia and spores from the same (magn. 400 aiam.). 540, 



ens), Or 4-Celled, or 6, 8, Cyathus; 541, Section. 542, One of the conceptacles. 543, 

 Or many-Celled. These Penicilium (mildew). 544, Mucor; a, mycelium. 



compound spores are in fact spore-vessels inclosing several spores yet 

 immature, and called sporidia or theca-spores. The spores or sporidia 

 are often inclosed in still larger cells called the sac. 



o 



631. ENDOSPORES AND EXOSPORES. Spores are developed either in 

 the interior of the parent cell or on the outside of it, and hence the di- 



