190 



ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS. 



The names of the months, and of states and countries, are often abbreviated, and 

 always in the same manner as in other works ; thus, Apr. April ; Jn. June ; Mass. 

 Massachusetts ; N. Y. New York ; la. or Ind. Indiana ; Car. Carolina ; La. Lou- 

 isiana; etc. 



The following Signs are also in general use : 



(1) An annual plant. 1? A plant with a woody stem. 



(D A biennial plant. $ A staminate flower or plant. 



14 A perennial herb. $ A pistillate flower or plant. 



$ A perfect flower, or a plant bearing perfect flowers. 



<5> Monoecious, or a plant with staminate and pistillate flowers. 



$ $ Dioecious ; staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants. 



$ $ $ Polygamous ; the same species with staminate, pistillate, and perfect 

 flowers. 



Wanting or none. 



CO Indefinite, or numerous. 



0= Cotyledons accumbent. ") 



0|| Cotyledons incumbent, > Used only in- the Crucifene. 



Cotyledons conduplicate. ) 



A naturalized plant. 



f A plant cultivated for ornament. 



\ A plant cultivated for use. This, with the two last, are placed at the end of a 

 description. In other situations they have their usual signification as marks of 

 division or reference. In measure of length, or other dimensions, the following signs 

 are adopted in this work : 



f (without the perio.l) A foot. 



' (a single accent) An inch. 



" (double accent) A line (one twelfth of '). 



! The note of exclamation, common in botanical works, js used in contrariety to 

 the note of interrogation (?). It denotes, in general, certainty from personal observa- 

 tion. Affixed to a locality, it denotes that the writer has examined specimens either 

 in or from that place. Affixed to the name of an individual^; denotes that the 

 writer has examined specimens supplied by him. Its usejBRhe present work is 

 discontinued, except in the case of controverted facts. 



AUTHORS' NAMES are usually abbreviated, as follows : 



