OBDEE 16. VIOLACE^}. 243 



very obtuse. Grows on woody hills and mountains, Mass., N. Y., Can., rare. A 

 small, stemless violet 2' high, with small, pale blue fls. conspicuously spurred. 

 Lvs. rather numerous and longer than the peduncles. Petals beardless, the upper 

 one striate with deep blue. May. 



7 V. pedata L. Et. premorse; Ivs. pedately 5 ^-parted, segments linear-lance- 

 olate, entire ; stig. large, obtusely truncate, scarcely beaked ; spur short, obtuse. 

 A smooth, beautiful, large-flowered violet, in hilly woods, Can. to 111. and Fla. 

 Rhizome fleshy, ending abruptly as if cut or bitten off. Lvs, thick, 2-ternately 

 divided into about 7 obtuse, narrow segments. Petioles with long, ciliate stipules 

 at base. Ped. sub-4-angled, much longer than the leaves. Petals pale blue, 

 white at base, all of them beardless and entire. Apr., May. 



j3. The two upper petals deep violet colored, the others light-blue with much 

 yellow at their bases, as in the garden pansey. Plants smaller, with large 

 flowers. In Mt. Hope Cemetery, Macon, Ga. 



8 V. delphinifolia Nutt. Lvs. pedately 7 ^-parted, with linear. 2 3-ckft seg- 

 ments aU similar ; stig. thick, distinctly beaked. Prairies and bottoms, 111., Iowa, 

 Mo. Lvs. often finely divided with many dissected segments, pubescent along 

 the edge, prominently veined beneath. Stip. acuminate, subentire. Ped. a little 

 longer than the leaves. Fls. rather smaller than hi the last, of a rich blue ; lateral 

 petals bearded. Mar., Apr. 



9 V. cuculiata Ait. Lvs. renifonn-cordate, cucuUate at base, acute, crenate ; stip. 

 linear; inferior and lateral petals bearded. This is one of the more common 

 kinds of violet, found in low, grassy woods from Arctic Am. to Fla. Lvs. on long 

 petioles, usually rolled at base into a hooded form. Fls. light blue or purple, with 

 scapes somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves. Petals twisted, white at the 

 base, marked with lines of deeper blue. Apr., May. This species varies from 

 pubescent t<* glabrous, from Ivs. reniform to ovate, deltoid, or hastate ; from fls, 

 deep blue to light-blue or even white, and as is now generally conceded, to the 

 following remarkable forms : 



/?. PALMATA. Lvs. (cordate) all or some of them very irregularly hastate-lobed, 

 the middle lobe largest, the earlier Ivs. commonly undivided and broadly cor- 

 date. Fls. large. Plant 412' high.. (V. palmata L.) Common at the 

 South. , 



y. SEPTEMLOBA. Lvs. (concave at base) more deeply 5 7-lobed, the middle 

 lobe largest, oblanceolate, all rather succulent and strongly veined beneath ; 

 fls. very large. (V. septemloba Le Conte.) Low, pine woods, Ga. (Pond). 

 Plant 5 12' high. A remarkable form truly, but evidently varying into /?. 

 Apr. 



10 V. villosa "Walt. Lvs. roundish-ovate, cordate, obtuse, flat, pubescent, obscurely 

 crenate, sinus narrow or closed; pet. bearded; stig. beaked. Sandy woods, mid- 

 dle Ga., common N. to Perm. Plant 2 3' high. Lvs. spreading, scarcely 1' long, 

 the petioles longer (1 2 ). Fls. small, bluish purple, on stalks shorter than the 

 leaves. Mar., Apr. 



11 V. sagittata Ait. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-cordate, subacute, often in- 

 cisely dentate at base, serrate-crenate, smooth or slightly pubescent; pedicel 

 longer than the leaves ; lower and lateral pet. densely bearded. On dry hills, 

 Can. to Fla., W. to Ark. Lvs. varying from oblong-sagittate to triangular-hastate, 

 on margined petioles. Scapes 3 to 5' long. Sep. lanceolate, acute. Pet entire, 

 veiny, purplish blue, white at base. Stig. rostrate, margined. Apr. Jn. 



/3. OVATA. Lvs. ovate, abrupt at base and decurrent on the petioles, pubescent, 

 the upper often incisely dentate at base. (Y. ovata Nutt.) N. J., south- 

 ward. 



12 V. hastata MX. Smooth ; st. simple, erect, leafy above ; Ivs. deltoid-lanceolate 

 or hastate, acute, dentate ; stip. ovate, minute, ciliate-dentate ; lower pet. dilated, 

 obscurely 3-lobed, lateral ones slightly bearded; sep. lanceolate, with a very 

 short spur. Pine woods, Tenn. to Fla. St. slender, 6 10' high. Fls. yellow, on 

 stalks shorter than the leaves. Apr., May. 



13 V. tripartita Ell. Hairy. St. simple, erect, leafy above; Ivs. deeply 3-parted, 

 lobes lanceolate, dentate ; stip. lanceolate. Upper Ga. Plant about If high, vil- 



