244 ORDER 16. -VIOLACE^J. 



loua when young. Lvs. often divided to the base. Fls. yellow, streaked with 

 purple, the stalks longer than the leaves. Mar., Apr. 



14 V. pubescens Ait. Villous-pubescent ; st. erect, naked below ; Ivs. broad- 

 cordate, toothed ; slip, ovate, large, subdentate. A large yellow violet, found in 

 dry stony woods, Can. to Ga. and Mo. St. simple, somewhat triangular and 

 fleshy, bearing a few leaves at the top. Lvs. broad-ovate, cordate or deltoid, ob- 

 scurely dentate, obtuse, on short stalks. Fl.-stalks rather shorter than leaves, 

 with 2 subulate bracts. Lateral petals bearded, and with the upper one marked 

 with a few brown lines. The plant varies in pubescence, sometimes even glab- 

 rous. Height very variable, 5 20'. May Jn. 



/?. ERIOCARPA Nutt. Capsule densely villous. (V. eriocarpa Schw.) 

 y. SCABRIUSCULA Torr. & Gr. St. decumbent, branching from the root, and 

 with the smaller leaves somewhat scabrous. (V. scabriuscula Schw.) 



15 V. Canadensis L. Smooth ; Ivs. cordate, acuminate, serrate ; ped. shorter 

 than the leaves ; stip. short, entire. A largo species, found in the woods, British 

 Am. to Car., often a foot in hight. Stem subsimple, terete, all the way leafy, 

 with lance-ovate, membranous stipules. Lvs. acute or obtuse, the lower on very 

 long p?tioles. Fed. sub-4-sided, with minute bracts. ; Fls. large, nearly regular. 

 Pet. white or light blue, yellowish at base, the upper ones purplish outsido 

 and marked with blue lines inside, lateral ones bearded. Flowering all sum- 

 mer. 



16 V. striata Ait. Smooth; st. branching, nearly erect; Ivs. roundish-ovate, 

 cordate, the uppar ones somewhat acuminate, crenate-serrato ; stip. large, ciliate- 

 dentate, oblong-lanceolate ; spur one fourth as long as the corolla. Wet grounds, 

 TJ. S. and Can. St. 6 12' high, half round. Lvs. 1 1^' wide, on petioles 

 1 2' long. Stip. conspicuous, laciniate. Ped. axillary, often much longer than 

 the leaves. Cor. large, yellowish-white or ochroleucou*, lateral petals densely 

 bearded, lower one striate with dark purple. Stig. tubular. Jn. 



17 V. Muhlenbergii Torr. St. weak, assurgent ; Ivs. reniform-cordate, upper 

 ones rather acuminate; stip. lanceolate, somewhat fimbriate; spur half as long as 

 the corolla, obtuse. A spreading, slender species, in swamps, &c., TJ. S., N. to 

 Lab. Sts. branched below, 6 8' long, with stipules usually cut into fringe-liko 

 serratures. Lvs. 6 10" diam., younger ones involute at base. Petioles longer 

 than the leaves, and shorter than the axillary peduncles. Bracts subulate, mostly 

 opposite, on the upper part of the stalk. Petals entire, pale purple, the lateral 

 ones bearded. Stig. rostrate. May. 



18 V. rostrata L. Smooth; st. terete, diffuse, erect; Ivs. cordate, roundish, ser- 

 rate, upper ones acute; stip. lanceolate, deeply fringed; petals bearded; spur 

 longer than the corolla. A common violet in moist woods, Can. to Ky., well 

 characterized by its long, straight, linear, obtuse nectary, which renders the large 

 flowers similar to those of the larkspur. St. 6 8' high, branching below. 

 Petiolos much longer than the leaves. Stip. almost pinnatifid. Ped. slender, 

 very long, axillary. Fis. pale blue. May. 



19 V. tricolor L. PANSEY, HEARTSEASE. St. angular, diffusely branched; Ivs. 

 oblong-ovate, lower ones ovate-cordate, deeply crenato; stip. as large as the 

 leaves ; spur short, thick. Gardens, where- its pretty flowers are earliest in spring 

 and latest in autumn. Fls. variable in size, often 1' broad, the 2 upper (lower) 

 petals purple, the two lateral white and with the lower striate, all yellow at base. 



P. ARVENSIS DC. Annual. More slender and less branched ; upper Ivs. ovate- 

 spatulate; petals scarcely twice longer than the calyx, yellowish blue, 

 spotted with purple. (V. arvcnsis Ell.) This is, doubtless, a mere variety 

 escaped from gardens, in rocky hills, N. Y. to Ga. Not common. Sts. 

 3 6 10' long. May. 



20 V. grandiflora L. St. 3-comered, simple, procumbent; Ivs. ovate-oblong, 

 crenate, shorter than the peduncles; stip. much smaller than the leaves ; fls. large.- 

 Native of Switzerland. A beautiful species, with very large flowers (1 2' diam.); 

 all the petals alike are deep purple. Whole plant smooth, 6 12' long. Stip. 

 \ 1' long. Flowering all seasons but winter, f 



21V. odorata L. SWEET, OR ENGLISH VIOLET. Stolons creeping ; Ivs. cor- 

 date, crenate, nearly smooth; sep. obtuse; lateral petals with a hairy line. Native 



