ORDER 45. POLYGALACE^E. 293 



aentate, with scattered ferruginous hairs beneath; fertile rac. long, panicled, 

 berries small. Grows in woods, by rivers, &c. St very long, slender, climbing, 

 with very large leaves, which are sometimes with deep, rounded sinuses, clothed 

 beneath, when young, with arachnoid, rust-colored pubescence. Tendrils from the 

 peduncles which are dense flowered, and with a leaf opposite. Petals cohering 

 at summit. Berries deep-blue, well flavored, but small, ripe in Sept. Flowers 

 in Jun. 



3 V. cordifolia M x. FROST GRAPE. Lvs. cordate, acuminate, somewhat equally 

 toothed, smooth, or pubescent beneath the veins and petioles; rac. loose, many- 

 flowered ; berries small. Grows in thickets, by rivers, &c., ascending shrubs and 

 trees to the height of 10 to 20 Lvs. large, membranous, often 3-lobed, with >v - 

 pubescent veins when young, and with a few acuminate-mucronate teeth. 

 Berries nearly black, rather small, late, acid but well flavored after the frosts of 

 November. Jn. (V. riparia MX.) 



4 V. vulpina L. Fox GRAPE. SCUPPERXOXG. Lvs. (small) cordate, slightly 

 3-angled or lobed, shining on both sides, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acuminate ; 

 rac. composed of many capitate umbels. River banks Ya, to Fla, Sts. many 

 feet in length, straggling or climbing. Lvs. 2 or 3' diam., shining most on lower 

 surface, having the sinus at base acute, and tho terminal tooth rather pointed. 

 FT. large, pleasant, few in a cluster. The variety called " Scuppernong" is quite 

 common in southern gardens. 



5 V. indivisa Willd. Lvs. simpk, cordate or truncate at the base, often angu- 

 br-lobed; panicles dichotomous; fls. 5-merous; berry 1-celled, 1 or 2-seeded. 

 Swamps, S. States to St. Louis. St. ascending trees many feet. Lvs. 3 to 5' broad, 

 unequally toothed, pubescent on the veins beneath. Panicles with spreading 

 branches, none of them changed to tendrils. Berry small (hardly 2" diam.), 

 pale-red, mostly 1 -seeded. (Cissus Ampelopsis Pers.) 



6 V. bipinnata Torr. & Gr. Lvs. bipinnate, His. incisely serrate, glabrous; fls. 

 5-merous. Southern States along rivers. A species remarkably distinguished by 

 its upright, scarcely twining stem, and its compound leaves. Tho Ifts. are 

 rhombic-ovate, about 1' in length or less, petiolulate mucronate. Tendrils none. 

 Panicles few-flowered. Berry depressed-globous, the size of a pea, purplish- 

 black. Jn., Jl. (Cissus bipinnata, E1L) 



7 V. vinifera L. EUROPEAN* WIXE GRAPE. Lvs. cordate, sinuately 5-lobed, 

 glabrous ; fls. all . No plant in the vegetable kingdom possesses more interest- 

 ing attributes, is cultivated with greater cafe, or has been worse perverted and 

 abused, than the common vine. By cultivation it sports into endless varieties, 

 differing in the form, color, size and flavor of the fruit, and in respect to the 

 hardiness of its constitution. 



2. AMPELOPSIS, MX. VIRGINIA CREEPER. (Gr. dn-eXo^ a vine, 

 oiptg, appearance.) Calyx entire ; petals 5, distinct, spreading ; ovary 

 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled; style very short; berry 2-celled, cells 1 to 

 2-seeded. A shrubby vine. The tendrils attach themselves by an 

 adhesive foot-like expansion at the end. 



A. quinquefolia MX. Lvs. quinate, digitate ; Ifts. oblong, acuminate, petiolate, 

 dentate. A vigorous climber, found wild in woods and thickets. It has long 

 been cultivated as a covering for walls, and Ls best known by the name of wood- 

 bine. By flieans of its foot-like, adhesive tendrils, it supports itself firmly upon 

 trees or walls, ascending to the height of fifty feet. The large quinate leaves 

 constitute a luxuriant foliage of dark, glossy green, changing to crimson in 

 autumn. Fls. inconspicuous, greenish, in dichotomous clusters. Berries dark- 

 blue, smaller than peas, acid. Jl. 



ORDER XLV. POLYGALACEJE. MILKWORTS. 



Herbs or shrubs, with the leaves mostly simple and without stipules. Fiowera 

 irregular, unsymmetrical, hypogynous, perfect. Sepals 5, very unequal, distinct, 1 3 

 exterior, 2 (wings) interior larger, petaloid. Petals 3, the anterior (keel) larger 

 than the 2 posterior. Stamens 4 to 8, distinct, or cohering in- a tube which is split 



