382 ORDER 63. UMBELLIFERvE. 



13. BUPLEITRUM, Tourn. MODESTY. THOROUGH-WAX. (Gr. 



an ox, TrkevpbVj a rib ; from the veined leaves of some of the species.) 

 Calyx margin obsolete ; petals somewhat orbicular, entire, with a 

 broad, closely inflexed point; fruit laterally compressed; carpels 5- 

 ribbed, lateral ones marginal ; seed teretely convex ; flattish on the 

 face. Herbaceous or shrubby. Lvs. mostly reduced to entire phyllo- 

 dia. In vol. various. Fls. yellow. 



B. rotundifolium L. Lvs. (phyllodia) roundish-ovate, entire, perfoliate ; invol. 

 ; involucels of 5, ovate, mucronate bracts ; fr. with very slender ribs, intervals 

 smooth, mostly without vittae. (J) In cultivated grounds and fields, N. Y., Penn., 

 and Ind., rare. St. If or more high, branching. Lvs. 1 to 3' long; f as wide, 

 rounded at base, acute at apex, very smooth. Umbels 5 to 9-rayed. Involucels 

 longer than the umbellets. Fr. crowned with the wax-like, shining base, of the 

 styles (stylopodium.) JL, Aug. 



14. ANETHUM, Tourn. DILL. FENXEL. (Gr. alba, to burn ; the 

 plant (its seeds) is very stimulating.) Calyx margin obsolete ; petals 

 involute, with a broad, retuse apex ; fruit ovate or oblong, laterally sub- 

 compressed ; carpels with 5 obtuse ribs, the lateral ones marginal ; in- 

 tervals with single vittse, commissure with 2. Umbels perfect, with no 

 invol. or involucels. Fls. yellow. 



1 A. gravdolens L. DILL. Fr. elliptical, compressed, surrounded by aflat, 

 dilated margin ; Ivs. tripinnate, segra. capillary ; umbels on long stalks. Native 

 of S. Europe. The oval, flat, brown seeds are aromatic, pungent, and medici- 

 nal. J 



2 A. Fcenicuhim L. FENNEL. Lvs. biternately dissected, segm. linear-subu- 

 late, elongated ; rays of the umbel numerous, unequal, spreading ; carp, turgid, 

 ovate-oblong. Native of England, &c. Cultivated in gardens. St. 3 to 5f high, 

 terete, branched. Lvs. large and smooth, finely cleft into numerous, very nar- 

 row segments. Jl. The seeds are warmly aromatic. \ (Fceniculum vulgare 

 Gsert.) 



15. THAS'PIUM, Nutt. GOLDEN ALEXANDERS. (From the Isle of 

 Thaspia, which gave name to the ancient allied genus Thapsia.) Calyx 

 margin 5-toothed ; petals elliptic, with an inflexed point ; fruit ellip- 

 tical, compressed laterally and didymous ; carpels convex, with 5 pro- 

 minent or winged ribs, the lateral margined; intervals with single 

 vittse. 2 Umbels without an invol. Involucels 3-leaved, lateral. Fls. 

 yellow or dark purple. 



Leaves 1 or 2-ternate, the radical often simple Nos. 1, 2 



Leaves thrice teruate; stem often pubescent at the nodes Nos. 8, 4 



1 T. aureum Nutt. Lvs. mostly biternate, Ifts. thin, oval-lanceolate; sharply serrate ; 

 umbellets with short rays ; fr. oblong-oval, 10-winged. Hills and meadows, TJ. 

 S. and Can. Sts. 1 to 2f high, branching above, rather slender, erect, hollow, 

 angular-furrowed, smooth. Lower Ivs. on long petioles, the Ifts. with coarse ser- 



**ratures, and sometimes quinate, the very lowest one sometimes simple. Umbels 

 about 2 broad, of 10 to 15 rays, the umbellets dense. Fls. numerous, orange- 

 yellow. Fr. oval, brown. Rt. black, tufted. Jn. 



p. APTERUM Gray. Fr. with sharp and prominent ribs, not winged. (Smyr- 

 nium aureum L. Zizia aureum Koch.) 



2 T. cordatum Nutt. Radical Ivs. simple, cordate, crenale, cauline ones ternate, 

 stalked, segm. acute, serrate; umbels terminal; fr. roundish oval, 6- winged. 

 Shady hills and barrens, U. S. and Can., rare in N. Eng. St. erect, slightly 

 branched, smooth, 2 to 3f high. Rt. Ivs. on long stalks, roundish, heart-shaped, 

 the rest ternate, becoming only 3-parted above, all light green. Umbels dense, 

 with yellow fls. Fr. black, oval, with 3 prominent, paler, winged ridges on each 

 side. May, Jn. (Smyrnium cordatum MX. Zizia cordatum DC.) 



