ORDER 63. UMBELLIFER^E. 385 



ovate-reniform. It Rt. tuberous. Radical If. triternately decompound. 



Involucrate Ivs. solitary, biternately compound. Involucels of 3 to 6 



entire, linear-spatulate bracts. 



E. bulbosa Nutt. A small, early-flowering herb, shady banks, Western N. T. 

 to Ohio and Mo. Plant 4 to 6' high, from a round tuber deep in the ground, 

 with 2 to 4 Ivs., the lower one radical, numerously divided, the divisions incisely 

 cleft into narrow segments; the upper ones bract-like, similarly divided, each 

 subtending a 3-rayed umbel of white fls, with dark purple or brownish anthera 

 (hence the odd popular name). March, Apr. 



23. EITLOPHUS, Nutt. (Gr. ev, true, /,6<o, crest ; application not ap- 

 parent.) Calyx limb 5-toothed, deciduous; petals obovate, emarginate, 

 with a long inflexed point; fruit contracted laterally, somewhat double; 

 carpels surrounded with large vittae, 4 in the commissure, ribs obsolete ; 

 seed channelled on the inner face. 2 Tall, slender, smooth, with dis- 

 sected Ivs. Invol. nearly 0. Involucel setaceous. Fls. white. 



E. Americana Nutt. Near Columbus, Ohio (Sullivant), to Tenn. St round, 

 . striate, 3 to 4f high. Lvs. biternately divided, the segm. lance-linear, 1' long, 



acute; upper Ivs. of 3 long, entire segm. Umbels long-stalked, 8 or 10-rayed. 



Fr. as large as caraway. Jl. 



24. CONrUM, L. POISON HEMLOCK. (Gr. KUVEIOV, hemlock, from 

 K&vog, a top ; because it causes dizziness.) Calyx margin obsolete ; pet- 

 als obcordate, with an acute, inflected point ; fruit ovate, laterally com- 

 pressed ; carpels with 5, acute, equal, undulate -crenulate ribs, lateral 

 ones marginal ; intervals without vittae ; seeds with a deep, narrow 

 groove on the face. Poisonous herbs. Lvs. decompound. Invol. 

 and involucels 3 to 5-leaved, the latter unilateral. Fls. white. 



C. maculatum L. St. spotted; Ivs. tripinnate; Ifts. lanceolate, pinnatifid; fr. 

 smooth. Grows in waste grounds, way-sides. A well known poisonous plant. 

 St. much branched, about 4f high, very smooth; round, hollow, with purplish 

 spots. The lower Ivs. are very large, several times pinnate, bright green, on long, 

 sheathing footstalks. Umbels terminal, the invol. of 6 to 8 lanceolate bracts, the 

 involucels with the inner half wanting. Fls. small, white. Fr. with undulate or 

 wrinkled ribs. A powerful narcotic, exhaling a disagreeable odor when bruised. 

 Used in medicine. JL. Aug. Eur. 



25. CICITTA, L. WATER HEMLOCK. (A Latin name used by Vir- 

 gil (Eel. 2d and 5th), but of unknown application.) Calyx margin of 5 

 broad segments ; petals obcordate, the points inflected ; fruit subglo- 

 bous, didymous : carpejs with 5 flattish, equal ribs, 2 of them marginal ; 

 intervals filled with single vittse, commissure with 2 vittse ; carpophore 

 2-parted ; seeds terete. 2 Aquatic poisonous herbs. Leaves com- 

 pound. Steins hollow. Umbels perfect. Invol. few leaved or 0. In- 

 volucels many leaved. Flowers white. 



1 C. maculata L. St. streaked with purple ; lower Ivs. triternate and quinate ; 

 upper biternate ; segments lanceolate, mucronately serrate ; umbels terminal and 

 axillary. Common in wet meadows, U. S. and Can. St. 3 6f high, smooth, 

 striate, jointed, hollow, glaucous, branched above. Lfts. or segm. 1 3' long, ^ - 

 ' wide, finely serrate, the veins mostly running to the notches, rarely to the 

 points ; umbels rather numerous, naked, 2 4' broad. Involucels of 5 6 short 

 narrow, acute bracts. Fr. IV' diam., 10-ribbed, crowned with the permanent 

 calyx and styles. Jl., Aug. The thick, fleshy root is a dangerous poison, but 

 sometimes used in medicine. 



2 C. bulbifera L. Axils of the branches bulbiferous ; Ivs. biternately divided ; Ifts. 

 linear, with remote, divergent teeth ; umbels terminal and axillary. In wet mea- 

 dows, Penn. to Can. Stem 3 4f high, round, striate, hollow, green, branching. 



25 



