410 ORDKR 70. COMPOSITE. 



t Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia terete ANTHEMIB. 69 



t Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia decompressed ACHILLEA. 71 



t Leaves opposite. Pappus none ECLIPTA. 88 



Pappus of fringed scales GALINSOO A. 



^ Papp. of the disk a single awn of the ray ZINNIA. 48 



u Leaves opposite. Bays yellow. Pappus none . POLYMNIA. 89 



u Leaves opposite. Bays yellow. Papp. a 2 or 3-toothed crown CHRTSOGONUM. 40 



u Leaves alternate. Rays whitish, very short, 5 only PAETHENIUM. 48 



Eays yellow. Achenia winged SILPHIUM. 41 



Achenia wingless BEBLANDIEBA. 42 



v Achenia with erectly hispid awns, or awnless ; never rostrate COREOPSIS. 57 



v Achenia with retrorsely hispid awns, often attenuated above BI^ENS. 58 



x Eays white, spreading. Pappus none MARCTA. 70 



x Eays purple, pendant. Pales sharp, elongated ECIIINACEA. 51 



x Eays yellow. Pappus none. Achenia quadrangular EUDBECKIA. 52 



Pappus none. Achenia compressed LEPACHIS. 53 



Pappus of 2 deciduous awns. Ach. wingless HELIANTIIUB. 54 



Pappus of 2 persistent teeth. Ach. winged HELIANTHELLA. 55 



Papp. of 2 persistent awns. Ach. broad-winged ACTINOMEBIB. 56 



B. SUBORDER, LIGULIFLOILE. 

 Pappus none, or consisting of little scales, (a) 

 Pappus double (of scales and bristles), or simple and plumous. (b) 

 Pappus composed of capillary bristles, not plumous. (*) 



* Achenia terete or angular, not flattened, (c) 



* Achenia evidently flattened, (d) 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads paniculate LAMPSANA. 98 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads solitary or umbellate APOGON. 99 



a Flowers blue. Pappus of many little scales. Eecept. naked , . . . . CICHORIUM. 100 



Pappus of 5 scales. Eeceptacle chaffy CATAN ANCHE. 106 



b Flowers purple. Feathery pappus on a long filiform beak TRAGOPOGON. 104 



b Flowers white. Feathery pappus on a short beak or sessile LEONTODON. 103 



b Flowers yellow. Pappus of many bristles with the scales CYNTHIA. 102 



Pappus of 5 bristles and 5 scales KRIGIA. 101 



C Flowers whitish or purplish, mostly nodding. Stem leafy NABALUS. 107 



C Flowers rose-purple, erect. (Stem almost leafless.) LYGODESMIA. Ill 



C Flowers yellow. Achenia long-beaked. Pappus white TARAXACUM. 109 



Achenia long-beaked. Pappus reddish PYRROPAPPUS. 110 



Achenia not beaked. Pappus dull white or tawny HIERACIUM. 105 



Pappus bright white TROXIMON. 108 



d Achenia contracted into a slender beak. Fls. mostly yellow LACTUCA. 112 



d Achenia scarcely beaked. Flowers mostly blue MULGEDIETM. 113 



Flowers yellow. Papp. silky SONCHUS. 114 



C. SUBORDER, LABIATIPLORvE. 



f Head radiate, solitary, nodding in bud. Pappus capillary CHAPTALIA. 115 



SUBORDER I. TUBULIFLORJE. 

 TRIBE 1. VERNONIACE^E. 



i. VERNO^NIA, Schreb. IRON WEED. (Named for William Vernon, 

 an English botanist who traveled in America in search of plants.) 

 Flowers all tubular, perfect ; involucre of ovate, imbricated scales, the 

 inner longest ; receptacle naked ; pappus double, the exterior chaffy, 

 the interior capillary. It Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. alternate. Fis. pur- 

 ple (in our species.) 



Scales of the involucre all obtuse and closely appressed ... No. 1 



| Scales of the in vol. (usually all) with slender, flexuous points Nos. 2, 3 



with acute or mucronate points Nos. 4, 5, 6 



