ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 411 



1 V. fasciculata MX. St. tall, striate or grooved, tomentous ; Ivs. narrow-lanceo- 

 late, tapering to each end, serrulate, lower ones petiolate ; hds. numerous, in a 

 somewhat fastigiate cyme , invol. ovoid-campanulate ; scales appressed, mucro- 

 nate or obtuse. "Woods and prairies, "W. States, very common. A coarse, pur- 

 plish-green weed 3 to lOf high. Lvs. 4 to 8' by 1 to 2', smooth above. Cymes 

 compact or loose. Heads large or small Cor. showy, dark purple, twice longer 

 than the involucre. JX Aug. Variable. 



2 V. Noveboracensis "Willd. Lvs. numerous, lanceolate, serrulate, rough, cyme 

 fastigiate ; scales of invol. filiform at the ends. A tall, showy plant with numer- 

 ous large, dark purple flowers, found in meadows and other moist situations, U. S. 

 St. branching at top, reddish, 3 to 6f high. Lvs. crowded, paler beneath, radical 

 ones often lobecl. Cymes terminal, flat-topped, compound. Scales and corolla 

 deep purple, the former ending in long, threadlike appendages, or in one variety 

 (V. pra3alta Less.) partly cuspidate. In another variety (V. tomentosa Ell. 1 ) the 

 plant becomes tomentous in the corymbs and under surface of the leaves. Sept 



3 V. scabenima Xutt. St. simple, corymbed above ; Ivs. crowded below, sessile, 

 lanceolate and lance-linear, scabrous above, margins revolute, subentire ; hds. 20 to 

 30-flowered; scales lanceolate, ciliate, protracted into long, flexuous points; 

 pappus whitish, exserted but shorter than the appendaged scales. In pine bar- 

 rens. Height 2 to 3f. Invol. usually green ; cor. purple. Jn. Aug. 



4 V. angustifolia MX. Slender, many-leaved; Ivs. linear or lance-linear, the 

 lowest serrulate, upper entire with revolute margins ; cymes corymbous, with 

 very slender peduncles ; hds. 10 to 15 flowered; scales acute or mucronate, the 

 lower spreading and more or less filiform-pointed; pappus purplish, twice longer 

 than the invol. K Car. to Fla. and La., in the pine barrens. About 2f high. 

 Sept., Oct. 



5 V. ovalifolia Torr. & Gr. Lvs. lance-aval or lance-oblong, acute, sessile, sharply 

 serrate, veiny ; cyme loose, fastigiate ; hds. rather large, scales appressed, acute or 

 mucronate, much shorter than the pappus. Mid. Fla. (Chapman). St. 3 to 4f 

 high. Hds. about 20-flowered, with a purplish pappus. 



6 V. oligophylla MX. St. nearly leafless, slender ; Ivs. mostly radical, oblong- 

 obovate, dentate-serrate, the 2 or 3 cauline Ivs. bract-like, lanceolate, serrulate ; 

 cyme loose, somewhat dichotomous, with few heads ; scales with spreading, 

 acuminate tips. Swaaioy pine woods, N". Car. to Fla. Sts. about 2f high. 

 Jn., Jl. 



2. STOKE'SIA, L'Her. (In lionor of Jonathan Stokes, M. D., an 

 English botanist.) Flowers all tubular, the marginal larger, ray-like, 

 irregular ; scales of the involucre imbricated, in several rows, the outer 

 spinulous and leaf-like ; receptacle naked ; fruit 4-angled ; pappus of 4 

 or 5 awn-like, rigid, deciduous scales. ~*4 Erect, with a downy stem, 

 alternate Ivs., and terminal, large heads of showy blue fls. 



S.. cyama L'Her. A rare and ornamental plant, found in S. Car., Ga., and La, 

 rarely in gardens. It resembles a Centaurea. Height about 2 Lvs. sessile, en- 

 tire, glabrous, the bracts spinulous at base, gradually passing into the scales. 

 Outer corollas with the innercleft deeper, limb spreading, palmate, imitating 

 rays. 



3. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. ELEPHANT'S-FOOT. (Gr. eAe'^a?, elephant, 

 rrov, foot ; alluding to the form of the leaves in some species.) Heads 

 3 to 5-flowered, glomerate into a compound head with leafy bracts; 

 flowers all equal ; involucre compressed, the scales about 8, oblong, dry, 

 in 2 series ; corolla 5-cleft, one of the clefts deeper than the others, seg- 

 ments acuminate; achenia ribbed, hairy; pappus chaffy-setaceous. 2J! 

 Erect, with alternate subsessile Ivs. Cor. violet purple. 



1 E. Caroliniamis Willd. St. much branched, leafy, hairy ; Ivs. scabrous and 

 somewhat hairy, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, crenate-serrate, lower ones on 

 petioles, upper one subsessile ; hds. terminal and subterminal. Dry soils, Penn., 



