ORDER 70. COMPOSITE 413 



scales herbaceous, glabrous, oblong and obtuse. Sand hills about Wilmington, N. 

 Car. Sts. numerous and much branched, 8 to 12' high. Scales leafy, green, 

 pappus rather plumous than barbellate. Sept (L. bellidifolia MX.) 

 4 C. corymbosus Torr. & Gr. St. single, stout, erect, hairy ; Ivs. nearly smooth, 

 oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to the base, the upper small, oblong, sessile ; hds. 

 about 20, 20-flowered, in a dense corymbous cyme ; scales smooth, oblong-oval, 

 very obtuse, with a broad, scarious 'margin. Swamp margins, N. Car. to Fla. 

 St. about 3f high. Fls. pale purple. Sept., Oct. (L. corymbosa Nutt) 



7. LIATRIS, L. (Gr. AJ, an emphatic prefix, arpcj^ invulnerable ; 

 used as a vulnerary.) Heads few to many (5 to 60)-flowered ; flowers 

 all , tubular ; involucre oblong, imbricate ; receptacle naked ; pappus 

 of oo capillary bristles, mostly plumous ; achenia tapering to the slen- 

 der base, 10-striate; styles much exserted. 2 Herbs with simple, erect 

 stems, alternate, entire Ivs., and handsome rose-purple fls. in spicate, 

 racemed, or paniculate hds., blooming from Aug. to Nor. 



Heads in a corymb or thyrse-like panicle. Root fibrous Nos. 1, 2 



Heads in a spike or a simple raceme. Eoot a roundish tuber (a). 



a Scales of the involucre colored and petaloid at their lengthened ends No. 3 



a Scales not petuloid, green or slightly tinged at the end (b). 



b Pappus evidently plumous. Corollas (13 to 60) hairy within Nos. 4, 5 



b Pappus evidently plumous. Corollas (3 to 5) smooth within Nos. 6, 1 



b Pappus only barbellate (smooth to the naked eye) (c). 



C Heads 3 to 7-flowered, in one-sided spikes or racemes Nos. 8, 9 



in a regular spike, raceme (or panicle) Nos. 10, 11 



C Heads 20 to 40-flowered, roundish, \rfth rounded scales No. 12 



C Heads 7 to 15-flowered. Scales all similar, obtuse Nos. 13, 14 



Scales all, or the inner only acute Nos. 15, 16 



1 L. odoratissima "\ViUd. YANTLLA-PLANT. DEER'S-TONGTTE. Glabrous; rt- 

 Ivs. obovate-spatulate, obtuse, 5 to 7 -veined, tapering to the base, cauline oblong, 

 clasping; hds. about 8-flowered, in many cymes, constituting a large, loose 

 corymb; scales all obtuse; fr. smoothish. Pine barrens (Ya. ?) to Fla. and La., 

 abundant. Sts. 1 to Sfhigh. Corymbs leafless. Fla bright purple. Sept., Oct 

 The fleshy leaves exhale a rich fragrance (compared to Vanilla) even for years 

 after they are dry, and are therefore by the southern planters largely mixed with 

 their cared tobacco, to impart its fragrance to that nauseous weed. 



2 L. paniculata Willd. St. simple, virgate, viscid-tomentous ; rt.-lvs. spatulate- 

 lanceolate, acute, tapering to a petiole, cauline small, appressed, lanceolate-acu- 

 minate ; hds. about 5-flowered, in an oblong, dense, thyrsoid panicle. Damp pine 

 barrens, Ga., Fla. St. 2 to 3f high. Scales few, all obtuse. Fls. pale purple or 

 white. Sept, Oct. 



3 L. legans "\Villd. Yillous-canescent above ; Ivs. glabrous, the radical oblan- 

 ceolate, 3 to 5-veined. cauline linear, the upper bract-like, spreading ; spike or 

 raceme dense ; hds. oblong-cylindrical, 4 to 5-flowered ; scales lance-linear, pro- 

 longed into a colored, petaloid appendage longer than the flowers ; pappus evi- 

 dently plumous. A remarkable species, in pine barrens, Ya. to Fla. and Tex. 

 St. 3 or 4f high, ending in a spike 6 to 16' long. The purple appendaged scales 

 more showy than the florets. Aug., Sept 



4 L. squarrosa "Willd. BLAZING STAR. Smooth or scabrous-pubescent; Ivs. 

 linear, lower ones attenuated at base ; rac. flexuous, leafy ; hds. few, 20 to 40- 

 flowered, sessile or nearly so; invoL ovate-cylindric ; scales large, squarrous- 

 spreading, outer larger, leafy, inner mucronate-acuminate, scarcely colored; fls. 

 numerous ; pappus plumous. A splendid plant, native N. Y. (Eaton) Penn. to 

 Fla. and W. States. Sts. 2 to 3f high, thickly beset with long, linear leaves. 

 Hds. 5 to 20, with large, brilliant purple florets. Aug. f It varies with the 

 heads only 12 to 1 5-flowered (Georgia, Feay), smooth or hairy, &c. 



5 L. cylindracea MX. St. low, slender, and very leafy, smooth and somewhat 

 hirsute, Ivs. rigid, linear, mostly 1-veined ; hds. few, sessile or pedicellate, cylin- 

 drical, 15 to 20-flowered; scales short, ciliate, close, rounded or obtuse, and abruptly 

 mucronate at apex ; pappus plumous. Prairies and barrens, Mich, to Iowa (Cou- 

 sens) and Mo. St 6 to 18' high. Lvs. 2 to 5' by 2 to 4". Heads 1' long, 



