434 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



A large, showy species, in low, open grounds, U. S. and Can. St. green, some- 

 times purplish, 4 to 7f high, often much branched above. Lvs. 2 to 4 to 7' long, 

 acuminate at each end, often with divergent teeth. Pan. often diffuse, on spread- 

 ing, leafy branches. Aug. Oct. Rays twice longer than the last. 



25 S. Canadensis L. St. downy; Ivs. lanceolate, serrate, 3-veined, acuminate, 

 rough; rac. paniculate, secund, recurved; rays short,. about 8, disk-fls. about 7; 

 scales linear. (Fig. 118.) Fields, hedges, U. S. and Brit. Am., common. From 18' to 

 5f high. Stem furrowed, terminated by a copious panicle which inclines to one 

 side. Lvs. sessile, 3' long, sometimes nearly entire, and perhaps a little downy. 

 Heads almost innumerable, very small, with very obscure, yellow rays. Aug. Oct. 



(3. PROCERA. St. villous; Ivs. rough, villous beneath; hds. larger, and with 

 larger rays. In low grounds, 4 7f high. Leaves distinctly 3-veined. (S. 

 procera Ait.) 



26 S. Shortii Torr. & Gr. St. minutely rough-downy ; Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate, strongly 3-veined, acute, very smooth ; rac. secund, dense ; pan. 

 contracted, elongated; scales linear-oblong, with greenish tips; rays 5 to 7, disk-fls. 

 5 to 7. Banks of the Ohio River, Ind. and Ky. Sts. 1 to 2f high. Readily dis- 

 tinguished from the last. JL, Aug. 



27 S. pilosa "Walt. Hirsute, tall, stout; Ivs. lance-oblong, remotely serrulate, 

 rough, thick, obsoletely veined, midvein hairy beneath, upper lance-ovate, sessile, 

 entire ; pan. pyramidal ; rays 7 to 10, minute, disk-fls. 5 or G. Pine barrens, N. 

 J. to Fla., in damp places. St. 4 to 7f high. Lvs. 2 to 4? long below, reduced 

 upwards, very numerous, yellowish-green. Pedicels with subulate bracts, simi- 

 lar to the outer scales. Sept., Oct. 



28 S. odora Ait. St. round, pubescent in lines, slender; Ivs. linear lanceolate, acute, 

 abrupt and sessile at base, very entire, smooth, punctate, with pellucid dots, rough- 

 edged; rac. paniculate; rays 2 to 4, disk-fls. 3 or 4. In dry, fertile woodlands 

 and sunny hills, U. S. and Can. Stem 2 3f high, yellowish-green. Leaves 

 1^ 3' by 3 5", with a strong, yellowish midvein, but no veinlets. Panicle in- 

 clined. Racemes 2 3' long, spreading, each generally with a leaf at base, and 

 a simple row of small heads on the upper side. Jl. Sept. The only species of 

 Solidago which has properties generally considered either agreeable or useful. 

 The leaves are aromatic and yield by distillation a fragrant volatile oil. 



(3. RETRO RSA. Lv& linear below, subulate above, often twisted; rays 1, 2 or 

 3 ; st. pubescent all over. S. "W. Ga. (Miss Keen). Punctate Ivs. acute. 

 Scales, &c., as in a. (S. retrorsa MX.) 



29 S. tortifolia Ell. St. rough, pubescent; Ivs. numerous, linear, subentire, 

 often twisted at the base, smatt, scabrous above, not punctate ; rac. recurved, in a 

 pyramidal panicle; scales obtuse; ray and disk-fls. each 3 to 5. 1ST. Car. to Fla. 

 and Tex., in dry fields. St. 2 to 3f high, often much branched. Lower Ivs. 2 to 

 3' long, reduced upwards to subulate bracts. (Elliott.) Aug. Oct. Is this the 

 same as our /?. Xo. 28 ? 



30 S. altfssima L. St. hairy, tall ; Ivs. lanceolate, very veiny, lower ones deeply 

 serrate, rough and wrinkled. Scales acute; rays 6 to 8. A variable species, the 

 tall, rough varieties of which are common about the borders of fields, in hedges. 

 U. S. and Brit. Am. Stem rough with hairs, erect, 3 5f high, much branched 

 at top. Leaves variously toothed or serrate, numerous both upon the stem and 

 branches. Branches widely spreading, each terminating in a recurved panicle 

 with the flowers turning upwards. Scarcely two of the plants look alike. The 

 branches are very widely spread, or but little diverging, with few and scattered 

 heads, or with numerous heads ; the leaves are equally or unequally serrate, 

 hairy or woolly. Aug. Oct. (S. rugosa Willd.) 



31 S. Dmmmondii Torr. & Gr. St. velvety ; Ivs. ovate or broadly Ival, acute at 

 each end, sharply serrate, smooth above, velvety beneath, veiny ; scales oblong, ob- 

 tuse ; rays 4 or 5. 111. near St. Louis. (Drummond in N. Am. Fl.) St. 1 to 2f 

 high. 



32 S. Radula Nutt. St. rough-downy, simple ; Ivs. oUong-spatulate, tapering to 

 the sessile base, serrate above, very rough, rigid, the lowest petiolate ; pan. con- 

 tracted ; disk-fls. 3 to 6, rays 5, very short. 111. near St. Louis (Engelman), to 

 La. Plant slender. 1 to 2f high. Hds. small, crowded, in short, secund racemes. 

 Sept. 



