OBDER 70. COMPOSITE. 445 



3 Z. pauciflorum, with bright yellow flowers is sometimes cultivated. 



49. HELIOP'SIS, Pers. OX-EYE, (Gr. fjAiog, the sun, 6^C, appear- 

 ance ; flowers radiant like the sun.) Hds, radiate ; involucre imbricate, 

 with ovate, subequal scales ; rays linear, large, ? ; disk ; receptacle 

 chaffy, conical, the pales lanceolate; achenia 4-sided; pappus 0. H. 

 Lvs. opposite, lids, large. Fls. yellow. (Helianthus, L.) 



H. l&vis Pers. St. smooth; Ivs. ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate, petiolate, 3- 

 veined, smooth beneath, upper ones usually lanceolate, lower ones more or less 

 truncate at base. A large, symmetrical plant, in hedges and thickets, U. S. St 

 angular, striate, di- or trichotornously branched above, 3 to of high. Lvs. 2 to 

 6' by 1 to 4', acute, distinctly 3-veined. Branches thickened at the summit, each 

 terminating with a large, solitary, yellow head. Rays lanceolate, broad at base 

 and obtuse at summit. Jn., Jl. 



ft. GRACILIS. Small and slender; Ivs. scabrous, ovate-lanceolate, acute at 



base. 2f high. (H. gracilis, Xutt.) 



} . SCABRA. St. and Ivs. scabrous and yellowish-green ; Ivs. somewhat deltoid, 

 distinctly truncate at base. Gf high. Common in Ind. (II. scabra, Hook.) 



50. TETRAGONOTHE'CA, Dill. (Gr. re-pa, four; yow, angle; 0/5*77, 

 envelope.) Heads radiate ; involucre double, the outer of 4 leafy bracts 

 united at base 1 , the inner of & small scales similar to the chafT of the 

 conical receptacle; achenia smooth, truncate, destitute of pappus. 2 

 Herb clothed with viscid hairs, opposite Ivs., with yellow-flowered, 

 large hds. 



T. heliauthoides L. Sandy soils, Va. to Fla. and Ala. A stout, coarse, un- 

 sightly herb, 2f high. Lvs. ovate, sessile, repand-toothed, 3 to 5' long. Hds. 1 

 or few, on long peduncles, the rays spreading nearly 3'. Cor. strongly veined. 

 Apr. Jn. 



51. ECHINA^CEA, Moench. PCRPLE CONE-FLOWER. (Ur. e^lvog, 

 the hedgehog ; from the character of the pales.) Heads radiate ; invo- 

 lucre, scales in 2 rows ; ray flowers neutral ; disk flowers J receptacle 

 conic, with rigid, mucronate pales; achenia 4-angled; pappus 0. 2 

 Lvs. alternate. Rays purple, pendulous. (Rudbeckia, L., Nutt.) 



1 E. purpurea Moench. Very rough; lower Ivs. broad-ovate, 5-veined, atten^iate 

 at base, remotely toothed ; cauline lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; raya 

 12 to 15, very long, defloxed, bind. Thickets and barrens, W. and S. States. 

 Plant showy, 4f high, branched. Lvs. 4 to 8' long, rough with short, stiff bristles, 

 3-veined. Hds. large, solitary, on long ped. Disk thickly beset with the stiff, 

 pointed, brown chaff. Rays *2 to 3' long, pendulous, rarely varying to whits, 

 f JL Sept. 



2 E. angustifolia DC. St. hispid, subsimple, slender, naked above ; Ivs. entire, 

 hispiclly pubc-scent, 3-veined. lower lanceolate, petiolate, upper lanes-linear, sessile; 

 scales ia about 2 rows, short; rays 12 to 15, slender, drooping. Prairies and 

 mars-hcs, 111., Mo. to Tex. Plant of a more slender habit than the last, 2 to 3f 

 high. Hds. on long, naked ped. Rays 1 to 2' long, purple, varving to white. 

 Disk brown. May Jl. 



52. RUDBECKI'A, L. (To the celebrated Olaus Rudbeck, Professor 

 of Botany, at Upsal, Sweden.) Heads radiate ; involucre scales nearly 

 equal, leafy, in a double row, 6 in each ; ray-flowers neutral ; disk per- 

 fect; receptacle conic or columnar, with unarmed pales or chaff; 

 achenia 4-angled; pappus none, or a lacerate or toothed margin. 2 

 Lvs. alternate. Hcls. large. Rays yellow. 



Rays large, droopins. Disk columnar, at least in fruit Xos. 1. 2 



Rays spreading. Disk dark purple, conical or rounded. (*) 



* Leaves deeply lobed or parted, the upper undivided Xos. 3, 4 



* Leaves undivided. Pales of the disk whitish-downy Xos. 5. 6 



Pales dark purole as well as the flowers Nos. ~-'J 



