ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 447 



petioles 6 to 10' long. Rays about 18, oblong, linear, bright yellow. Aug. 

 Oct. f 



53. LIP'ACHYS, Raf. Heads radiate ; involucre in one series of 

 linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, disk perfect ; receptacle col- 

 umnar, chaffy ; chaff obtuse, and bearded at apex ; pappus ; fer- 

 tile achenia compressed, 1 to 2-winged. H Lvs. alternate, pinnately 

 divided. Hds. of fls. yellow, with long, drooping rays. 



L. pinnata Torr. & Gr. Scabrous; Ivs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 to 7, 

 some of the lower ones 2-parted, the rest undivided ; rays elongated. In dry 

 soils, Western X. Y., TV. and S. States. St 2 to 4f high, slender, furrowed and 

 hispid. Hds. very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk 

 ovate, purple. Jn. Sept. (Rudbeckia MX. Obelisearia Cass.) 



54. HELIANTHUS, L. SUN-FLOWER. (Gr. ?//uo^, the sun, dv6oc, 

 flower.) Heads radiate, ray-fls. neutral, disk ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; receptable flat or convex, the chaff 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chaffy awns, deciduous ; 

 achenia compressed or 4-sided, not margined. Herbs mostly 2, rough. 

 Lvs. opposite, the upper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. Rays 

 yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



Disk '(its corollas and pales) dark purple, mostly convex, (a) 



a Herbs annual. Leaves chiefly alternate..". Xos. 1. 2 



a Herbs perennial. Leaves opposite. Scales acuminate Nos. 35 



Scales obtuse Xos. 6, 1 



Disk (its corollas and pales) yellow, (b) 



b Leaves chiefly alternate and feather- veined Nos. 8 11 



b Leaves chiefly opposite and 8-veined or tripliveined. (c) 



C Scales erect, closely imbricated. Plants green, rough Nos. 12, 13 



Plants whitish, downy Nos. 14, 15 



C Scales loosely spreading. Heads large, 9 to 15-rayed. "(d) 



d Scales l:ince-linear, longer than disk. Leaves thin Nos. 16,17 



d Scales lance-ovate, as long as the disk. Leaves thick N.OS. IS 21 



C Scales loosely spreading. Heads small, 5 to S-rayed Nos. '2~2- -'25 



1 H. cmnuus L. Erect, stout] Ivs. all cordate, 3-veined, only the lowest op- 

 posite ; ped. thick ; Ms. large, nodding ; ach. glabrous. This stately annual is 

 from S. America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is in proportion, vary- 

 ing from 2f to 10, or even 15f. The enormous size of the flowers with their 

 broad rays of brilliant yellow are too well known to require description. A 

 variety occurs with the flowers all radiate. Jl., Aug. An edible oil has been 

 expressed from the seeds. 



2 H. debilis Xutt. Decumbent slender; Ivs. ovate, serrulate, petiolate, mostly 

 alternate ; lids, small, solitary, pedunculate : scales narrow, slender-pointed ; ach. 

 pubescent. T Fla.. La. (Xot within our limits ?). ., St.-. 1 to 2f long. Hds. half 

 an inch diam. Kays about 12. 



3 H. Radula Torr. & Gr. Erect, hirsute, simple, bearing a single head; Ivs. 

 sessile or nearly so. roundish obovate or orate, obtuse, opposite, crowded below ; 

 scales and pales lanceolate, acuminate, erect, dark purple ; rays 7 to 10, rarely none. 

 H Barrens. Ga., Ala.. Fla. Sts. often clustered. 1 to 3f high. Lvs. very rough 

 on the upper surface. Hds. near 1' diam., disk dark purple. Aug., Sept. f 

 (Rudbeckia, Ph.) 



4 H. heterophyllus Xutt. Slightly hispid, slender, bearing a single head : Ivs. 

 opposite, entire, subsessile. the lower oval, upper linear-lanceolate, scales acumi- 

 nate, erect, ciliate; pahs acute-, rays 12 to 18. 1$. X. Gar. to Fla. and La. St. 1 

 to 2f high. Hds. 6 ' diam., ravs expanding 2V. Aug., Sept. 



5 H. angustifolius L. Erect, slender, scabrous or hispidly hirsute ; hs. ses- 

 sile, lance-linear, tapering to a long point, 1 -veined, rigid, opposite, the upper often 

 alternate, subdenticulate, often revolute ; hds. pedunculate, few ; scales lance- 

 linear, the long point spreading ; pales linear, 3-toothed. Sandy or rocky places, 

 X. J., Ky., and S. States, common. St. 2 to 3f high, subsimple. Lvs. 2 to 5' by 

 3 to 6", broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 12 to'lS, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 flowers brown at the summit. Aug. Oct 



