448 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



6 H. rigidus Desf. St. rigid, simple or with few branches, scabrous or smooth- 

 ish, nearly naked above ; Ivs. lanceolate, tapering to each end, petiolate, mostly 

 opposite, tripli-veined, serrulate or entire, rigid, , scabrous both sides; lids, few; 

 scales in many rows ovate, acute, regularly imbricate, shorter than the disk ; pales 

 obtusish. Prairies, &c., Wis. (Lapham), to Mo., La., &c. Plant 2 to 4f high. 

 Lvs. 3 to 6' by to 1', veiy rough with papillous hairs, but less so than II. divari- 

 catus. Bays 12~to 20, expanding 2 to 3", light yellow. (II. scaberruiius Ell.) 



7 H. atrorubeiis L. St. with few long, naked peduncles above, hirsute below; 

 Ivs. ovate, or oval, obtusish, abruptly contracted into winged petioles, subserruto, 

 rough or hispid, 3-veined; scales obovate or oblong, obtuse, 3-veined, about equaling 

 the di*k ; pales obtusish. Dry soils, Va. to Fla. and Ark. St. 2 to 4f high. Lvs. 

 mostly near the base, large. lids, small, few, with 12 to 15 rays, 9 to 10" long. 

 Aug. Oct. 



8 H. giganteus L. St. rough, Jiairy Ivs., alternate (the lowest opposite), lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, serrate, scabrous, obscurely 3-veined. tapering at base into short, 

 ciliate, winged petioles; scales lanceolate-linear, ciliate; pappus of 2 short, slightly 

 fringed scales. Can. to Car. and Ky., in low grounds and thickets. Stern 4 8f 

 high, purplish, branching above into a corymbous panicle of largo, yellow flowers. 

 Leaves 2 5' by -A- 1', opposite or alternate in various degrees. * Rays 12 20. 

 Variable. 



11 ft. AJIBIC-UUS. Lvs. nearly all opposite, sessile and rounded at base." L. I. 

 (T. & G.) 



9 H. tomentosus MX. Si. stout, pubescent, branched above ; Ivs. mostly alter- 

 nate, acuminate, nearly entire, scabrous above, tomentous or nearly glabrous be- 

 neath, lower ones ovate, petiolate, upper long-lanceolate, subsessile ; hds. long-pedun- 

 culato ; scales lance-linear, long-acuminate, villous, squarrous ; chaff 3 -toothed, 

 hirsute at summit. Dry soils, 111. to Ga. Plant 4 to 8f high, with ample Ivs. and 

 fls. Lvs. G to 12' by 2 to G', some of them tripli-veined. Rays elliptical lanceo- 

 late, about 15" long. Aug. Oct. f 



/?. Lvs. oval, mostly opposite. Ga. (H. spatulatus Ell.; 



10 H. grosse-serratus Martens. St. smooth and glaucous,- Ivs. mostly alternate, 

 lanceolate, or lanco-ovate, long-acuminate, sharply serrate, scabrous above, hoary 

 and softly pubescent beneath, abruptly contracted into naked petioles; scales 

 lance-subulate, loosely imbricated, sparingly ciliate, as long as the disk. Ohio, 

 Ind., 111., to La. Allied to II. giganteus. St. 4 to Gf high. Lvs. G to 9' by 1 to 

 2', broadest near the base, lower ones rather coarsely serrate. Rays 15 to 20, 

 expanding near 3'. Aug., Sept. 



11 H. ttiberosus L. JERUSALEM: ARTICHOKE. Root bearing oblong tubers ; Ivs. 

 3-veined, rough, lower ones opposite, cordate-ovate, upper ovate, acuminate, 

 alternate ; petioles ciliate at base. If Native of Brazil. The plant has been cul- 

 tivated for the sake of its tuberous roots, which are used for pickles. It is natu- 

 ralized ia borders of fields, lodges, &c. Sept. \ 



12 H. laetiflorus Pers. wTrough and branched above ; Ivs. oval-lanceolate, acu- 

 minate, serrate, tripli-veined, very rough on both sides, on short petioles, upper 

 ones often alternate ; scales ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, appressed, a little dt^ri-- 1 - than 

 the disk; chaff entire or 3-toothed; rays 12 to 20. Barrens, &c., Ind., Ohio (Torr. 

 & Gr.) A rough, but showy plant, 3 to 4f high. Lvs. thick, 5 to 8' by 1 .1 to 

 21-'. Rays nearly 2' in length. Disk yellow. Aug. Oct. f 



13 H. occideiitalis Riddell. St. slender, simple, nearly naked above ; Ivs. oppo- 

 site, oval, scabrous, obscurely serrate, contracted at base into long, hairy petioles, 

 upper ones small and few, entire ; hds. pedunculate ; scales lance-oval, appressed. 

 Sand prairies, "W. States. St. 3 to 5f high, scape-like, slender. Lvs. 3 to 5' by 

 1 to 2', upper ones 1 to 2' long. Hds. few, middle size. Rays 12 to 15, light 

 yellow. Jl. Sept. f 



14 H. mollis Lam. St. villous; Ivs. ovate, acuminate, sessile, cordate and clasp- 

 ing, entire or subserrate, tomentous canescent, opposite, upper ones sometimes 

 alternate ; scales lanceolate, villous canescent ; pales entire, acute and canescent above. 

 Prairies and barrens, Ohio, Ind., Mo., common. A hoary and villous species, 2 to 

 4f high, nearly simple. Lvs. 3 to 5' long, .V to f as wide. Rays 15 to 25, to 

 1'by-y. Jl. Sept. (H. -canescens MX.) 



