ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 465 



veiny, dentate, ovate-lanceolate and oblong, radical ones stalked, cauline sessile ; 

 hds. few ; invol. hairy, with acuminate scales ; ach. hairy. Ravines, White Mts., 

 N. H.. Essex Mts., N. Y. Also Rocky Mts. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 2 to 5' in 

 length, the upper one broad at the base, the lower tapering to a winged petiole, 

 often acute, but not acuminate. Jl. 



2 A. nudicaulis E1L Hirsute ; Ivs. all sessile, subentire, oval or ovate, 3 to 5- 

 veined, the veins converging to the apex, cauline small, 1 or 2 pairs; hds. few, 

 large, terminal; rays about 12, 3-toothed at end; ach. glabrous. Wet, sandy 

 soils Va. to Fla, St. If high, scape-like. Lvs. mostly radical, resembling those 

 of the plantains (Plantago), but smaller (2 to 3' long.) Raya spreading fully 2'. 

 Apl., May. 



TRIBE 5. CYNARE^E. 



88. CYN'ARA, L. (Gr. KVUV, a dog; the stiff, hard spines of the 

 invol. resemble a dog's teeth.) Heads discoid, homogamous ; invol- 

 ucre dilated, imbricate, scales fleshy, ernarginate, pointed ; receptacle 

 setaceous ; pappus plumous ; achenia not beaked. Natives of the Old 

 World. 



1 C. Scolymiis L. GARDEN ARTICHOKE. Lvs. subspinose, pinnate and un- 

 divided; invol. scales ovate. It Gardens and cultivated grounds. A well known 

 garden esculent. The parts used are the receptacle, the loweY part of the in- 

 volucre and the upper portion of the stalk. It is cultivated from suckers placed 

 in rows, 3 feet apart. Aug., Sept. \ Eur. 



2 C. cardunculus L. CARDOON. Lvs. spiny, all pinnatifid ; invol scales ovate. 

 If Flowers purple. This plant is blanched or etiolated, by heaping earth 

 around it, whence its petioles become crisp, tender, and are used like celery. 

 \ Eur. 



89. TAGE'TES, L. MARIGOLD. (For Tages, a Tuscan divinity, son 

 of Genius and grandson of Jupiter.) Heads heterogamous ; involucre 

 simple, tubular, of 5 to 10 united scales ; ray flowers 5, persistent; re- 

 ceptacle naked ; pappus of 5 erect awns. Herbs of tropical Amer- 

 ica. Lvs. pinnately divided. 



1 T. patula L. FRENCH MARIGOLD. St. erect, with widely spreading 

 branches; segm. of the leaves linear-lanceolate; ped. elongated, subcylindric, 

 one-flowered ; invoL smooth. Plant about 2f high. Rays orange yellow ; 

 variegated with dark purple, f 



2 T. erecta L. AFRICAN MARIGOLD. St. stout, erect; segm. of the Ivs. 

 lanceolate, ciliate-serrate ; ped. 1 -flowered, ventricous and thickened at the sum- 

 mit ; invol. angular. The hds. are twice larger than in T. patula, and on shorter 

 peduncles. These are well known and popular garden flowers with several 

 varieties, f 



90. CALENDULA, L. POT MARIGOLD. (Lat. calenda, the first day 

 of the month ; some species blossom monthly.) Heads radiate ; in- 

 volucre of many equal leaves, in about 2 series ; rays ? , fertile, disk 



$ , sterile ; receptacle naked ; achenia of the disk membranaceous ; 



pappus 0. An oriental genus of annual herbs. Lvs. alternate. 



C. officinali3 L. Viscid-pubescent; st. branched; Ivs. oblong, acute, mu- 

 cronate, sessile, subdentate and scabrous-ciliate on the margin ; hds. terminal, 

 solitary ; ach. carinate, muricate, incurved. A common and handsome garden 

 plant, from S. Eurone. It has double, lemon-colored, and other varieties. Flow- 

 ers large and brilliant, generally orange-colored. Jn. Sept. f 



91. CENTAITREA, L. KNAP-WEED. BACHELOR'S-BUTTON. (The 

 centaur, Chiron, it is said, cured with these, his foot wounded by Her- 



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