ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 469 



SUBORDER II. LIGULIFLOR^E. 



98. LAMPSA'NA, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT. (Gr. AaTrrw, to purge; 

 " Lapsana greatly relaxes the body," says Pliny.) Heads radiant, 8 to 

 12-flowered; involucre cylindrical, angular, scales 8, erect, in one row, 

 with 2 or 3 minute bractlets at base ; receptacle naked ; achenia gla- 

 brous ; pappus 0. Slender, oriental herbs, with small, yellow has. in 

 paniculate corymbs. 



L. commftnis L. St. branched, panicled, leafy; Ivs. ovate, petiolate, dentate; 

 ped. cylindrical ; in vol. angular in fruit. CD Waysides, Can. East (Hook). Near 

 ' Boston (Oakes). 



99. APO'GON, Ell. (Gr. a, privative, Trwywv, beard; as. destitute 

 of pappus.) Heads radiant ; involucre scales ovate, acuminate, about 8, 

 in 2 rows; receptacle naked; achenia glabrous, oval, longitudinally 12- 

 striate ; pappus 0. CD Herbs glabrous and glaucous, branched from the 

 base. Lvs. alternate, lanceolate. Hds.- small, yellow. 



A. humilis Ell. S. Car. to Fla. and La. A small, slender, smooth plant, com- 

 mon in sandy soils. Sts. 3 to 12' high, trichotomously branched above. Lvs. 

 varying from lance-linear to linear, and from entire to lyrate-lobed, the radical 

 tapering to a petiole. Hds. few, small, the fls. spreading about 3 ''. Mar. Jn. 

 '(A. lyratum Nutt. A. gracilis DC.) 



100. CICHCTRIUM, Tourn. SUCCORY. (The Egyptian name cki~ 

 kourych, whence Gr. KL^pT], and Eng. succory.) Involucre double, the 

 outer of 5 leafy scales, the inner of about 8 linear ones ; receptacle 

 chaffy ; pappus scaly ; achenia not rostrate, obscurely 5-sided. Orien- 

 tal herbs with bright blue fls., about 20 in a head. 



1 C. intybns L. Fls. in pah's, axillary, sessile; lower Ivs. runcinate. 1C Plant 

 2 3f high, with large, showy, sky-blue flowers, in grass fields, by roadsides, com- 

 mon in many localities. Stem round, with few long branches, rough. The upper 

 leaves become cordate acuminate, sessile, inconspicuous, only the radical ones 

 runcinate. The flowers are 1 2' diam., and placed rather remote on the long, 

 nakedish branches. Corollas flat, 5-toothed. The root is used in France as a 

 substitute for coft'ee. July Sept. Eur. 



2 C. Endivia L. EXDIVE. Ped. axillary, in pairs, one of them elongated 

 and 1 -headed, the other very short, about 4-headed; hds. capitate. A hardy an- 

 nual, esteemed and cultivated for salad. Also a remedy for jaundice, f E. Indies. 



101. KRIG'IA, Schreb. DWARF DANDELION. (To. Dr. Daniel Kricy, 

 a German botanist who traveled in this country.) Involucre many- 

 leaved, nearly simple, equal ; receptacle naked ; achenia turbinate, stri- 

 ate, 5-angled; pappus double, consisting of 5 broad, membranous scales 

 alternating with as many slender, scabrous bristles. (D Acaulescent 

 herbs. Hds. solitary, with 20 to 30 yellow fls. 



1 K. Virginica "Willd. Lvs. sinuate-pinuatifid, with unequal, spreading, linear- 

 spatulate lobes, the primary Ivs. mostly entire, spatulate or roundish ; scapes at first 

 low, simple, 1-flowered, finally Iwanched and several-flowered. Dry, sandy or rocky 

 grounds and way-sides, Can., X. Eng. to "VV. Ga. and Ala. Scapes 3 to 20' high, 

 very smooth. Lvs. 6 to 3' long, usually pointed. Fls. spreading 15". May 

 Aug. 



2 K. Caroliniana Xutt. Lvs. lyrate-pinnatifid, with irregular, oval or angular 

 segments, the terminal one roundish and largest, primary Ivs. linear-lanceolate, few- 

 toothed or entire, scapes always simple, solitary at first, finally several 1-flowered. 

 Dry, sandy soils, S. Car. to Fla. and Tex." Scapes 1 to 4' high. Lvs, 1 to 2' 

 long, rosulate. Fls. spreading 4 to 6". Feb. May. 



