ORDER 86. SCROPHULARIACE^E. 527 



a Racemes opposite, axillary. Capsnle roundish, emarginate Nos. 2, 3 



a Racemes alternate, axillary. Capsule not rounded, very flat Nos. 4, 5 



a Racemes terminal, or the flowers axillary and not racemed. (b) 



b Floral leaves like the rest, not longer than the recurved peduncles Nos. 6 S 



b Floral leaves bractlike, longer than the erect peduncles, (c) 



C Perennial. Peduncles equaling or exceeding the calyx Nos. 9, 10, 14 



C Annual. Peduncles shorter than the calyx or none Nos. 11, 12 



1. V. Virginica L. CULVER'S PHYSIC. Erect, tall, glabrous ; Ivs. verticittate in 

 4$, 5s, or 6s, lance-ovate to lance-linear ; spikes mostly several, paniculate. It 

 Woods, thickets and barrens, Can. to Ga., "W. to Iowa. A conspicuous plant 

 arising 2 5f. Stem simple, straight, smooth, with whorls of acuminate, finely 

 serrate leaves which are subpetiolate and glaucous beneath. Flowers numerous, 

 nearly sessile, in spikes 3 to 10' long. Corolla white, tubular, pubescent inside. 

 Stamens and style twice as long as the corolla. Jl. (Leptandra Yirginica 

 Nutt.) 



2 V. Anagallis L. Glabrous erect ; Ivs. sessile, clasping and subcordate, lanceolate, 

 acutish, entire or serrulate ; rac. in opposite axils ; caps, orbicular, slightly notched. 

 It A smooth, fleshy plant, frequenting the borders of brooks and pools, Can. 

 and U. S. Stem about If high. Leaves 2 3' by 5 7". Racemes (some- 

 times but 1 at a node) longer than the 'leaves, loose, pedicels (2 3") scarcely 

 longer than the bracts. Flowers bluish-purple, small. Jn., Jl. 



3 V. Americana Schwenitz. BKOOKLIJIE. Glabrous, decumbent at base, erect, 

 above ; Ivs. ovate or ovate-oblony, acute or obtusish ; serrate, petiolate, abrupt at 

 base ; rac. opposite, loose; caps, roundish, turgid, emarginate. 11 In brooks and 

 clear waters, Can. and U. S. Plant rather fleshy, very smooth, 12 18' long, 

 more or less decumbent and rooting at base. Leaves 1 2' long, petioles mar- 

 gined. Racemes longer than the leaves. Pedicels (3 5") twice longer than the 

 bracts. Flowers blue or bluish-purpb. Jn., Jl. (V. Beccabunga Am. authors.) 



4 V. scutellaria L. SKULL-CAP. SPEEDWELL. Glabrous, ascending, weak ; Ivs. 

 linear or lance-linear, sessile, acute, remotely denticulate j rac. in alternate axils 

 very loose : pedicels divaricate ; capsule flat, broader than long, cordate at both 

 ends. U Slender and weak, in swamps and marshes, N". Eng. and \V. States, and 

 Brit. Am., common. St. 10 to 16' high. Lvs. (2 to 3' by 2 to 3") much longer 

 than the internodes. Ped. and pedicels filiform, the latter (6 to 9'') six times 

 longer than the bracts. Fls. rather large, flesh-color, with purple lines. Jn. 

 Aug. 



5 V. officinalis L. OFFICINAL SPEEDWELL. Roughish-pubescent ; St. prostrate, 

 branched ; Ivs. briefly petiolate, and subsessile, obovate-ettiptic or oblong, obtuse, ser- 

 rate, mostly narrowed to the base ; rac. dense, many-flowered ; pedicels shorter 

 than the calyx ; caps, puberulent, obovate-triangular, slightly emarginate. 1 

 In dry woods and open fields, Can. to Ga., rare. Plant trailing, 6 to 12' long, 

 with ascending branches. Lvs. 1' to 18" by 6 to 9". Fls. pale blue, forming 

 rather long, axillary, erect, pedunculate spikes. May Jl. Eur. 



6 V. Buxbaumii Tenore. Prostrate, hairy; Ivs. roundish-ovate, coarsely cre- 

 nate-serrate, the floral similar, all on short petioles ; ped. longer than Hie Ivs. ; caps, 

 triangular-obcordate, broader than long. Rare in waste grounds, E. States. Plant 

 7 to 12' long, Ivs. nearly 1' long. Cal. spreading 4 to 6". Cor. larger than the 

 calyx, blue. Caps. Go-seeded. 



7 V. agrestis L. NECKWEED. St. procumbent, diffusely branching; Ivs. cordate- 

 ovate, deeply crenate-serrate, floral similar, all petiolate ; ped. as long as the leaves : 

 caps, roundish, acutely notched, 00-seeded. (T) In cultivated fields, Can. and At- 

 lantic States, not common. A small, pilous plant, 2 to 8' long, branching mostly 

 at base. The Ivs. are roundish-ovate, the lower shorter than their petioles, the 

 upper alternate. Fls. small, light blue, veined, their stalks recurved in fruit. 

 Segm. of the cal. fringed, ovate, equal. May Sept. Eur. 



8 V. hederasfolia L. Prostrate, pilous ; Ivs. petiolate, cordate, roundish, coarsely 

 3 to 5-toothed or lobed ; ped. scarcely longer than the Ivs. ; sep. triangular, subcor- 

 date, acute, closed in fruit; caps, turgid, k-setded. Dry or rocky soils, L. IsL to 

 Del., rare. St. diffusely branched. Lvs. rather fleshy, 6 to 12" diam., tlie upper 

 larger and alternate. Cal. segm. ciliate. Cor. smaller than the calyx, blue. Mar., 

 May. Eur. 



