ORDER 88. VERBENACB^E. 537 



5 Shrubs. Fruit fleshy. Flowers 4-perted, axillary. Drupe 4-seedod CALLICABPA. 4 



Flowers 4-parted, axillary. Drupe 2-seeded LAST AS A. 5 



Flowers 4-parted, terminal. Drupe 2-seeded ALOTSIA. 6 



Flowers 5-parted. Seeds 4. Leaves simple CLEEODENDBUM. 7 



Seed 1 . Leaves compound . . . VITEX. 8 



1. YERBE'NA, L. VERVAIN. (Celtic fer-fcen, to expel stone ; hence 

 Eng. vervain, Lat. verbena.) Calyx 5-toothed, with one of the teeth 

 often shorter ; corolla funnel-form, limb somewhat unequally 5-lobed ; 

 stamens 4, included, the upper pair sometimes abortive ; drupe splitting 

 into 4, 1 -seeded, indehiscent carpels. Herbs or undershrubs. Lvs. op- 

 posite. Fls. sessile, mostly in spikes or hds. 



* Spicate ; the open corollas lateral in slender spikes, (a) 



' a Stem simple (mostly) bearing a single spike. Leaves oblong Nos. 1, 2 



a Stem branched, with many spikes. Leaves mostly simple, . .". Nos. 85 



Leaves much divided Nos. 6 8 



* Corymbed ; the open corollas forming a terminal (spike) corymb Nos. 9 11 



1 V. angustifolia Mr. Erect, mostly simple ; Ivs. oUong-Unear, tapering to the 

 base, remotely serrate, with farrowed veins ; spikes filiform, solitary, axillary and 

 terminal ; cor. blue ; bracts as long as calyx. A small, hairy species found on rocky 

 hills and other dry soils, N. Y. to Ya., TV. to the Miss. St. not more than a foot 

 high, with narrow (2 to 3' by 3 to 5"), rough Ivs. and slender spikes of deep 

 blue fls. JI (V. ragosa TVilld.) 



2 V. Caroliniana L. Assurgent subsimple, scabrous-puberulent ; Ivs. oblong- 

 obovaie, obtuse or bluntly acute, crenate-dentate, sessile ; fls. hi a loose terminal 

 spike: cor. large, rose-colored; brads minute, half as long as the calyx; carp. 4, 

 not separating. If Dry soils, S. States, common. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 18" to 

 3', varying to oval, and in some specimens decidedly hastate! often acute. Spike 

 6 to 12' long. Fls. showy, 6" long, cal. 2". May Jl. 



3 V. hastata L. COMMON VERVAIN. Erect; Ivs. lanceolate, acuminate, incisely 

 serrate, petiolate, tho lower ones lobed or hastate ; spikes erect, dense, slender, 

 panicled; fls. imbricated. 2[ Frequently by roadsides and in low grounds, 

 mostly throughout the U. S. and Can. St 3 to 6f high, with paniculate, opposite 

 branches above. Lvs. rough and rugous, 2 to 4' long, variously toothed. Fls. 

 small, blue, arranged in long, close, imbricated spikes which are erect and parallel. 

 Jl. Sept. Eur. (V. paniculata Lam.) Varies with the Ivs. incised or pinnati- 

 fid, and spikes loose-flowered ; evidently hybrids. (Engehn.) 



4 V. urticEefdlia.L. Erect, subpubescent ; Ivs. ovate aad ovate-lanceolate, sen-rate, 

 acute, petiolate ; spikes axillary aad terminal, loose filiform ; fls. separate ; bracts 

 shorter than the calyx. U About roadsides and rubbish. A weed of uninviting 

 appearance, 2 to 3f high, with Ivs. resembling those of the nettle. It has long, 

 slender, weak, green divergent spikes remotely filled with small, white, distinct 

 flowers. Seeds 4. Jl., Aug. Eur. 



5 V. stricta Vent. MULLEIN-LEAVED VERVAIN. Hirsute and hoary ; st. thick 

 rigidly erect, branched above; Ivs. oral or obovate, unequally dentate, sessile, acute, 

 rugous; spikes erect, strict, imbricate and dense-flowered. If An erect, rigid, 

 and rather handsome species, in dry fields, TV. States, common. Very hirsute, I 

 to 3f high. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1 to 2', numerous, veiny and whitish beneath. Cor. 

 blue, thrice larger (4" broad) than in V. hastata. JL 



6 V. bractiosa MX. Decumbent, branched, divaricate, very hairy ; Ivs. laciniate. 

 rugous ; spikes terminal, thick, many-flowered ; bracts lance-linear, longer than the 

 fls., thrice longer than the calyx. U Dry fields and roadsides, Mid. TV. and S, 

 States. "Whole plant hairy and hoary, 8 to 16' long, remarkable for its squarrous, 

 bracted spikes. Lvs. 1 to 2' long. Fls. small, blue. Jn. Sept. (Zapania, Lam.) 



7 V. spuria L. Assurgent, divaricately branching, hairy ; Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, 3-cleft, 

 laciniately lobed and toothed; spikes slender, loose; bracts a little longer than Vie 

 calyx. U Conn., Md. to Ga. An unsightly plant, with a square stem, 1 to 2f 

 high, half erect, di- and trichotomous above. Lvs. attenuate and subpetiolate at 

 base. Spikes 3 to 6' long, dense before flowering, loose after. Cal. 1'' long, cor. 

 2", blue. Aug., Sept. Differs from V. omcinalis of Europe in its petiolate Ivs. 

 and longer bracts. 



