ORDER 99. OLEACE-*. 597 



much cultivated The deliciously fragrant oQ of Jasmine of the shops is extracted 

 from this plant, f Asia. 



ORDER XCIX. OLEACE^E. OLIVES. 



Trees and shrubs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with floioers 4- 

 parted, regular, rarely apetalous, the corolla valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than the corolla lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 suspended ovules 

 in each cell, and fruit fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Fig. 265. 



Gtnera 24, upeciei 130,natives of temperate climates. The ash Is very abundant in N. Amer- 

 ica. The Phillyreas and the Byringas are all Oriental. 



Properties. Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of the Olive (Olea Europeea). The bork 

 of this tree, ami also of the ash, is bitter, astringent, and febrifugal. J/an/w, a sweet, gentle 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxihus, particularly of the Euro- 

 pean F. Ornus. The species of the ash are well known for their useful timber. 



TBIBES AND GENERA. 



I. FRAXINEJ2. Fruit a dry, winged samara. Leaves pinnate KKAXINLTJ. 1 



II. 8YliINGE.fi. Fruit a dry, 2-celled capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-fonn STBINOA, 2 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla campanula^ FOESYTHIA. 3 



III. OLEINEJ2. Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, stamens included. CHIONANTHUS. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. Fruit a berry LIGUSTRI-M. 5 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens exserted (c). 



C Style 2-partcd. Leaves serrate OSMAXTUCS. 6 



C Style simple. Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) OLKA. 7 



Drupe shell papery. Panicles terminal VISIAXIA. S 



IV. FORESTIEEE^E. Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leaves simple. . FOMSTIERA. 9 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tourn. (Gr. <t>dp$i$, a separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dioecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovuled, but 1-seeded ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnate Ivs. and fls. ra- 

 cemed or panicled. American species are all dioecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated. No. <* 



| Flowers epetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 11 to 13. Cultivated 



Flowers apetalous. dia-cious. Fruit always winged at apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the terete base of the samara No. 1 



* Calyx persistent at the narrow, flattened base- of the samara N . .<. 2 4 



* Calyx none, the samara naked at the broad base, Nos. 5, 6 



1 F. Americana L. "\VIIITE ASH. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulate, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 

 petioles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yellowish- velvety ; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose ; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower and terete at the 

 calyculate base, seed portion half as long as wing. "Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to 80f high; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. If long, usually oft 

 smooth Ifts., which are 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2V'. Apr., 

 May. (F. acuminata Lam. F. epiptera MX.) Timber light, tough and strong, 

 much used by carriage-makers, &c. 



2 F. pubescens "Walt. RED Asir. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young branches 

 velvety -pubescent ; samara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyculate base acute, 

 flattish, slightly margined by the decurrent wing. Swampy or low grounds, Can. 

 and U. S., more common in Penn, and Ya. A smaller tree than No. 1, 30 

 to 60f high, but nearly allied to it. Bark deep brown. Lfta. often reddish 



