6CO ORDER 127. CONIFERS. 



Leaves fascicled in 5s. Cone scales not thickened at the end, unarmed No. i 



Leaves in 3s. Cone scales at the end thickened and prickly or spiny. Nos. 24 



Leaves in 2s (rarely 3s). Scales at the end thickened and spiny , Nos. 5 7 



Scales at the end thickened, but unarmed Nos. 8, 9 



1 P. strdbus L. WHITE PINE. WEYMOUTH PINE. Lvs. in 5s, slender, with 

 very short sheaths ; cones solitary, cylindric, loose, pendant longer than the Ivs. 

 A most majestic and useful forest tree. Can., N. Eng. to Penn. and Wis. The 

 trunk is perfectly straight, covered with a comparatively smooth bark, and, in 

 some instances, 5 7f in diameter, and 80 to lOOf in height without a limb ; then, 

 sending out a few branches, it forms a tufted head far above the surrounding 

 forest. Branches whorled only in the young trees. Leaves about 4' long, nume- 

 rous, slender, of a bluish green, forming an extremely soft and delicate foliage. 

 Wood soft, fine-grained, easily wrought, very durable, used in immense quantities 

 in architecture. The large trunks are in particular sought for the rnasts of ships. 

 May. 



2 P. paliistris Lamb. LONG-LEAVED OR BROOM PINE. Lvs. in 3s, very long, 

 crowded at the end& of the branches, with elongated, ragged, 'half-persistent sheaths ; 

 cone subcylindrical, nearly as long as the leaves ; scales tipped with small, recurved 

 spines. N. Car. to Fla., very abundant and valuable. The trunk is 15 to 20' diam., 

 arising with a slight diminution 40 or 50f to the branches, thence 20 to 40f to 

 the summit. Bark slightly furrowed. Lvs. dark green, 10 to 15' in length. Buds 

 very long, whitish. Sterile aments violet colored, 2' long. Cone 8 to 10' long. 

 Sds. with a thin white testa. Timber strong, compact, resinous and durable, 

 used at the south in vast quantities. The young trees look like brooms. The old 

 are f^tooned with the long moss. They yield nearly all the turpentine and resin 

 of commerce. As fuel it burns with fragrance, splendor and heat 



3 P. Tadda L. LOBLOLLY PINE. OLD-FIELD PINE. Lvs. in 3s, long, light green, 

 with long, subentire sheaths; cones oblong-ovoid, deflexed, half as long as the leaves, 

 the scales tipped with a short inflexed spine. Abundant in pine woods and sandy 

 fields as a second growth, Ya. to Fla. A tall, tree, 50 to 80 or even lOOf high, 

 with a wide-spreading summit. Bark thick ana very rugged. Lvs. G to 10' long, 

 rigid, sheaths blackish, 6" long. Sterile aments 1' long, densely clustered, light- 

 reddish. Cones 3 to 5' long. Less valuable for turpentine or timber than P. 

 palustris, but equally excellent as fuel and light. 



/3. SEROTINA. POND PINE. Cone ovoid, thick (as large as a goose egg), pol- 

 ished and shining, nearly unarmed. Tree smaller. 



4 P. rfgida Miller. PITCH PINE. Lvs. in 3s, rigid, with short sheaths; cones 

 pyramidal-ovoid, clustered ; scales with short, thick, reftexed spines. Common in 

 barren, s"andy plains, which it often exclusively occupies. It is of moderate height 

 at the north (25 to 30f), but attains a great height (40 to 70f) in the S. States. 

 The trunk, which is seldom straight, is covered with a very thick and rough bark 

 cleft with deep furrows. Lvs. 4 to 6' long. Cones usually several together, 2 

 to 3' long. The wood is heavy with resin, is used in architecture for flooring, 

 and in ship-building, and is excellent as fuel for steam engines. 



5 P. mitis MX. YELLOW PINE. SPRUCE PINE. Lvs. in pairs (sometimes in 

 3s), slender, channeled, with elongated sheaths, scattered all over the branchlels ; 

 cones not generally clustered, oblong-ovoid, half the length of the shortish Ivs. : 

 scales with a short, weak, slightly incurved prickle. Widely diffused throughout 

 the country. A tree of slow growth, 30 to 50 to 80f high. Bark rough, broken 

 into broad plates. Lvs. 3 to 5' long, bluish green, in 3s on young\ trees or the 

 more vigorous shoots. Cones 18 to 30" long, rugged with the projecting point 

 of the scales. Timber close-grained, moderately resinous, used in immense quan- 

 tities for all kinds of architecture. 



/?. ? PAUPERA. Bark smoother than the pines in general, the branches resem- 

 bling those of the beech f Ivs. short, (3 to 4') and thinly scattered ; cones 

 smaller than a hen's egg, with minute, straightish spines; barren aments 

 6" long. Ga. Tree 40 to 50f high. (P. glaber Walt. ?) 



6 P. pungens MX. SOUTHERN MOUNTAIN PINE. Lvs. in pairs, short, rigid, acute. 

 somewhat channeled, rough-edged; sheaths very short; cones ovoid, longer than 

 the leaves ; scales tipped with along, recurved and hooked spine. Lookout Mt. ! 

 Tenn. and Table Mt., Grandfather Mt. &c., K Car. and Va. Tree with rough 



