706 



ORDER 148. LILIACE^E. 



stem, consisting of 6 to 8 wedge-lanceolate Ivs. (3 to 4' by 9 to 12'') ; the other at 

 the top, of about 3 ovate, shorter leaves. Fls. in the upper whorl, 1, 2 or 3, pen- 

 dulous, with greenish, revolute segments. The stigmas are very long, reflexed. 

 dark red. Jl. 



ORDER CXLVIII. LILIACE^E. LILYWORTS. 



Herbs with bulbous or tuberous stems, parallcl- 

 veined, sessile leaves, flowers perfect, regular, 

 generally large and richly colored, perianth 

 (rarely 4)-parted, uniformly colored, free from the 

 ovary, stamens G (rarely 4), perigyuous ; anthers 

 introrse (extrorse in Uvularia), styles wholly or 

 partly united, ovary superior, 2 or 3-celled. Fruit 

 a capsule, loculicidal, or a pulpy berry. Seeds 

 free or many, with fleshy albumen. Illustr. in 

 figs. 58, 60, G3, 108, 171, 254, 259, 400, 454. 



Genera 147, species 1200, chiefly natives of temperate 

 regions. The flowers of most are beautiful, of many 

 brilliant, and of some truly splendid. 



Properties The order abounds in a bitter, stimulant 

 principle and also in mucilage. Some of the bulbous 

 species yield a nutritious diet, as the Asparagus, Onion, 

 Garlic. The well known active medicine, squills, is the 

 bulb of Scilla maritima, of 8. Europe. The various kinds 

 of officinal aloes, are the product of several species of 

 Aloe. The powerful astringent, Dragon's Uoocl, is tho 

 concentrated juice of Draca-na Draco of tho Canary Islep. 

 (The Tribe Uvularije is intermediate between Liliact* 

 and Melanthacese, approaching the latter by its mostly 

 extrose anthers, but best according with the former in its 

 united styles, fruit, and in habit.) 



FIG. 715. Smilacina borealis. 6. A berry cut open, 

 showing the 2 cells, &c. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 

 S Plants bulbous at the base, or with a thick, woody caudex. (*> 



* Perianth segments united, forming a tubular flower, (d) 



* Perianth segments separate, not forming a tube, (t) 



t Stem (or caudex) leafy, at least below, few or many-flowered, (b) 

 t Stem (scape) sheathed at base, bearing a solitary flower, (a) 

 t Stem (scape) sheathed at base, leafless, many-flowered, (c) 

 Plant with a rhizome, creeper, or fibrous roots. (**) 



** Stamens declinate and curved-ascending. Flowers showy, (e) 

 ** Stamens straight and equal in position, (ft) 



tt Perianth segments united to near the summit, (f) 

 tt Perianth segments separate, not forming a tube, (}) 



$ Flowers in terminal, leafless clusters, small, whitish, (g) 



$ Flowers axillary, or terminal and subsolitary. Leaves filiform, &c. (h) 



Leaves ovate, &c. (k) 

 (TRIBE TULIPE^E. Perianth 6-leaved. Fruit a capsule. Seed-coat soft and pale.) 



a Flowers nodding ERYTHRONIUM. 1 



a Flowers erect TULIPA. 2 



b Nectary a linear groove at the base of each segment LILITTM 3 



b Nectary a roundish cavity at the base of each segment FRITILLARIA. 4 



b Nectary none. Flowers panicled, large. Seeds many YUCCA. 5 



small. Seeds 1 to 3 NOLINA. 6 



(TRIBE ASPHODELEJ3. Fruit a capsule. Seed-coat crustaceous, black.) 



C Flowers in racemes, blue or purple SCILLA. 7 



C Flowers in racemes or corymbs, yellow or white ORNITHOOALUM. 8 



C Flowers in umbels, white or roseate. Stamens straight ALLIUM. 9 



blue. Stamens declinate, curved AGAPANTHUS. 10 



