ORDER 154. ERIOCAULONACE.fi. 729 



scales rounded-obovate ; sep. shorter than the scales, fringed along the winged keeL 

 Wet pine barrens, Ga. (Feay). Scapes strict, 1 to 3f high. Lvs. strict, 6 to 9, 

 by 2 to 4", gradually acute. Heads 7 to 9" long. Aug., Sept. (X. brevifolia 

 Ell.) The leaves in our specimens are not all rough-edged as in Kunth's. 

 5 X. fimbriata Ell. FEATHERED XYRIS. Lvs. linear-gladiate, erect, nearly as 

 long as the scape which is strict, striate, and enlarged at the summit ; head oval 

 or oblong, scales rounded, loosely imbricated; sep. twice(!) longer than the 

 bracts, conspicuously fringed on the keel above. Sandy swamps, R. I. (Olney), 

 N. J., (Rev. I. T. Holton) to Fla Scape 2 to 3f high. Lvs. 20 to 30' long, about 

 3" wide, sheathing below. Head 6 to 8" long. Bracts tawny-edged. Seeds 

 innumerable, elliptical, minute. Jl., Aug. 



ORDER CLIV. ERIOCATJLONACE^E. PIPEWORTS. 



Herbs perennial, aquatic, with linear, spongy, cellular leaves, sheathing at base. 

 Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in a dense head. Perianth 2 to 6-parted or want- 

 ing. Stamens 6, some of them generally abortive. Anthers mostly 1 -celled, in- 

 trorse. Ovary 2 or 3-celled, cells 1 -seeded. Seeds pendulous. 



Genera 9, species 200, chiefly tropical. They are of no known use. 



GENERA. 



* Stamens (4 or 6) twice as many as the petals. (Scape 7 to 12-ribbed) .......... ERIOCACLOX. 1 



* Stamens 3, as many as the petals. (Scape 5-ribbed, puberulent) ............ P^BPALANTHUS. 2 



* Stamens 3, and no petals. Scape 5-ribbed, short, hairy .................... LACHNOCAULON. 3 



1. ERIOCAtTLON, L. PIPEWORT. (Gr. epiov, wool, Kavhoc;, stem.) 

 Flowers 8 , collected into an imbricated head ; involucre of many bracts ; 



$ in the disk (rarely mixed) ; perianth double; sepals 3, subregular; 

 petals united to near the summit ; stamens twice as many as the petals ; 



$ in the margin ; perianth double ; sepals 3, petals 2 or 3, distinct ; 

 stamens ; ovary sessile or stipitate; style 1, stigmas 2 or 3 ; capsule 

 2 or 3-seeded. It Acaulescent. Lvs. grass-like, flat, tufted at the base 

 of the slender, simple, one-headed, fluted scape. (Fls. 4-parted in one 

 species.) 



1 E. decangulare L. Scape tall, slender, marked with 10 ribs and furrows; 

 Ivs. linear-ensiform, suberect, half as long as the scape ; bracts of the depressed in- 

 volucre acute ; chaff acuminate and tipped with a white fringe as well as the 

 perianth. Ponds, in pine barrens, S. States, common. Scape 1 to 3f high, very 

 strict, clustered. Lvs. 6 to 16' high, 3 to 4" wide. Head 5" broad, very white 

 with the fringes, the corollas tipped with black. Jl., Aug. 



2 E. gnaphaloides MX. Scape tall, slender, marked with 10 ribs and furrows; 

 Ivs. ensiforrn, subulate, many times shorter than the scape, spreading ; invol. de- 

 pressed ; bracts obtusish ; chaff acute, white fringed as well as the perianth. 

 Swampy pine barrens, N. J. to Fla., common. Scape mostly single, If to 30' high. 

 Lvs. 2 to 4' long, 3 to 5" wide, gradually tapering to an acute or setaceous point. 

 Head similar to No. 1. Jn. Aug. 



3 E. septangulare "Withering. Scape slender, 7 -furrowed, short or tall, and 

 weak according to the depth of the water; Ivs. linear-setaceous, pellucid, 5-veined, 

 very short ; head small, globular ; bracts of the invol. obtuse. In shallow water, 

 Can. to N. J. and Mich. Sts. clustered, 3' to 3f, filiform, reaching the surface of 

 the water. Lvs. in a small tuft, submersed. Head 2 to 3" diarn., white with the 

 fringes of the compact flowers. Jl., Aug. 



2. PPALAN'THUS, Mart. (Gr. irai^ dust or powder, 

 Flowers 3-parted ; stamens in the sterile flowers 3 ; stigmas in the 

 fertile flowers 3 ; capsule 3-seeded. Otherwise nearly as in Eriocaulon, 

 from which the genus was separated. 



